Adherence to chronic disease medication regimens depends in part on successful self-regulation. However, the overall benefit of interventions targeting self-regulatory mechanisms is not well-understood. Accordingly, we conducted a meta-review of meta-analyses assessing the effect of interventions targeting self-regulation on medication adherence. For this meta-review, meta-analyses appearing between January 2006 and March 2019 were eligible if they included experimental trials that assessed the effect of an intervention targeting self-regulation on adherence to chronic disease medication. A systematic literature search of multiple databases for published and unpublished literature identified 16,001 abstracts. Twelve meta-analyses met eligibility criteria and had variable quality according to AMSTAR 2 item completion (M = 50%; range: 31-66%). Overall, meta-reviews showed small to medium effect sizes for interventions that targeted self-monitoring, provided personalised feedback on adherence, or involved complete self-management. Other interventions, such as goal setting, barrier identification and problem solving, and stress management showed little evidence of improving adherence. Only a limited number of self-regulation intervention components were able to be evaluated. Additional research is needed to advance the understanding of the efficacy of adherence interventions focussed on self-regulation by expanding the scope of self-regulation elements targeted (e.g., emotion regulation).

中文翻译：

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针对自我调节的干预措施的有效性，以改善对慢性病药物的依从性：荟萃分析的荟萃综述。

遵守慢性疾病药物治疗方案部分取决于成功的自我调节。但是，针对自我调节机制的干预措施的总体收益尚不为人所理解。因此，我们进行了荟萃分析的荟萃评估，评估了针对自我调节的药物依从性干预措施的效果。对于这项荟萃分析，如果2006年1月至2019年3月之间进行的荟萃分析包括实验性试验，这些试验评估了针对自我调节的干预措施对慢性病药物依从性的影响，则符合条件。对已发表和未发表文献的多个数据库进行的系统文献检索，确定了16,001篇摘要。十二项荟萃分析符合资格标准，并且根据AMSTAR 2项目完成情况具有可变的质量（M = 50％；范围：31-66％）。总体而言，元审查显示，针对自我监测，提供依从性的个性化反馈或涉及完整的自我管理的干预措施的效果大小为中型。其他干预措施，例如目标设定，障碍识别和问题解决以及压力管理，几乎没有证据表明可以提高依从性。只能评估数量有限的自我调节干预成分。需要进行更多的研究来通过扩大目标自我调节要素（例如情绪调节）的范围来增进对以自我调节为重点的依从性干预措施的有效性的理解。例如目标设定，障碍识别和问题解决以及压力管理等方面的证据很少表明可以提高依从性。只能评估数量有限的自我调节干预成分。需要进行更多的研究，以通过扩大目标自我调节要素（例如情绪调节）的范围来增进对以自我调节为重点的依从性干预措施的有效性的理解。例如目标设定，障碍识别和问题解决以及压力管理等方面，几乎没有证据表明可以提高依从性。只能评估数量有限的自我调节干预成分。需要进行更多的研究，以通过扩大目标自我调节要素（例如情绪调节）的范围来增进对以自我调节为重点的依从性干预措施的有效性的理解。