Covalent linkage of ADP-ribose units to proteins catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) plays important signaling functions in a plethora of cellular processes including DNA damage response, chromatin organization, and gene transcription. Poly- and mono-ADP-ribosylation of target macromolecules are often responsible both for the initiation and for coordination of these processes in mammalian cells. Currently, the number of cellular targets for ADP-ribosylation is rapidly expanding, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the broad substrate specificity of PARPs present enormous interest. In this review, the roles of PARP-mediated modifications of protein and nucleic acids, the readers of ADP-ribosylated structures, and the origin and function of programmed DNA strand breaks in PARP activation, transcription regulation, and DNA demethylation are discussed.

中文翻译：

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PARP 催化的 ADP 核糖基化在 DNA 链断裂和表观遗传调控之间的串扰中的作用。

ADP-核糖单元与聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶 (PARP) 催化的蛋白质共价连接在大量细胞过程中起着重要的信号传导功能，包括 DNA 损伤反应、染色质组织和基因转录。目标大分子的聚-和单-ADP-核糖基化通常负责哺乳动物细胞中这些过程的启动和协调。目前，ADP-核糖基化的细胞靶标数量正在迅速增加，PARP 广泛底物特异性的分子机制引起了极大的兴趣。在这篇综述中，PARP 介导的蛋白质和核酸修饰的作用、ADP 核糖基化结构的读者，以及程序化 DNA 链断裂在 PARP 激活、转录调控中的起源和功能，