Adult neurogenesis, the generation of mature functional neurons from neural stem cells in specific regions of the adult mammalian brain, is implicated in brain physiology, neurodegeneration and mood disorders. Among the many intrinsic and extrinsic factors that modulate neurogenic activity, the role of nutrients, energy metabolism, and gut microbiota has recently emerged. It is increasingly evident that excessive calorie intake accelerates the age-dependent decline of neurogenesis, while calorie restriction and physical exercise have the opposite effect. Mechanistically, nutrient availability could affect neurogenesis by modulating autophagy, a cell-rejuvenating process, in neural stem cells. In parallel, diet can alter the composition of gut microbiota thus impacting the intestine-neurogenic niche communication. These exciting breakthroughs are here concisely reviewed.

中文翻译：

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营养和神经发生：自噬和肠道菌群的新兴作用。

成人神经发生是从成年哺乳动物脑的特定区域中的神经干细胞生成成熟的功能神经元，与脑生理，神经变性和情绪障碍有关。在许多调节神经源性活动的内在和外在因素中，营养素，能量代谢和肠道菌群的作用最近已经出现。越来越明显的是，摄入过多的卡路里会加速神经发生的年龄依赖性下降，而限制卡路里和进行体育锻炼则相反。从机械上讲，营养物质的利用可以通过调节神经干细胞中的自噬（一种细胞再生过程）来影响神经发生。同时，饮食会改变肠道菌群的组成，从而影响肠道神经原生态位的交流。