The objective of this study was to gain an understanding of water‐oil two‐phase flow from sandstone reservoirs to propped hydraulic fractures. The effects of PC (code for provider) oil‐wet and water‐wet fracture proppants on the competing flow of water and oil from Parker Berea and Upper Gray Berea sandstones to proppant‐packed fractures were experimentally investigated in this study. Water and oil were simultaneously injected into core sample, and the injection volume at water breakthrough was used as a measure of phase flow efficiency. The PC oil‐wet ceramic proppants were found to have the property of attracting‐oil‐repelling‐water (AORW) effect on the water‐oil two‐phase flow from sandstones to proppant‐packed fractures. This effect is explained by the theory of oil and water channels in the sandstones. Oil‐wet proppant particles contact oil channels in the sandstone and attract oil into the fracture owing to the affinity between the oil‐wet surface and the oil in the oil channel. The AORW effect of PC oil‐wet proppant was found to drop as the water cut in the sandstone increases. This is attributed to the fact that there are more water channels in high water‐cut sandstones than in low water‐cut sandstones, reducing the chance for the oil‐wet proppant to contact oil channels and attract oil. The PC oil‐wet proppant was found to behave differently in different types of sandstones. Its AORW effect is higher in low‐permeability sandstones than in high‐permeability sandstones. This may be because there are more oil channels in low‐permeability sandstones than in high‐permeability sandstones, increasing the chance for the oil‐wet proppant to contact oil channels and attract oil.

中文翻译：

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陶瓷支撑剂的表面润湿行为对砂岩与裂缝界面两相流的影响

这项研究的目的是要了解从砂岩储层到支撑水力压裂的水油两相流。在本研究中，通过实验研究了PC（提供方代码）的油湿和水湿裂缝支撑剂对水和油从Parker Berea和Upper Gray Berea砂岩到填充剂裂缝的竞争流动的影响。将水和油同时注入岩心样品中，并将水突破时的注入量用作相流效率的量度。发现PC油湿陶瓷支撑剂对从砂岩到填充剂压裂的水油两相流具有吸引油排斥水（AORW）的作用。这种作用由砂岩中的油和水通道理论来解释。油湿支撑剂颗粒接触砂岩中的油道，由于油湿表面和油道中的油之间存在亲和力，因此将油吸引到裂缝中。随着砂岩含水率的增加，PC油湿支撑剂的AORW效应下降。这是由于高含水率砂岩中的水通道比低含水率砂岩中的通道更多，从而减少了油湿支撑剂接触油道并吸引油的机会。发现PC油湿支撑剂在不同类型的砂岩中表现不同。低渗透率砂岩的AORW效果要比高渗透率砂岩的AORW效果高。这可能是因为与高渗透率砂岩相比，低渗透率砂岩有更多的油道，