Importance The prevalence of diabetes among Hispanic and Asian American subpopulations in the United States is unknown. Objective To estimate racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of diabetes among US adults 20 years or older by major race/ethnicity groups and selected Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian subpopulations. Design, Setting, and Participants National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2011-2016, cross-sectional samples representing the noninstitutionalized, civilian, US population. The sample included adults 20 years or older who had self-reported diagnosed diabetes during the interview or measurements of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG). Exposures Race/ethnicity groups: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic and Hispanic subgroups (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban/Dominican, Central American, and South American), non-Hispanic Asian and non-Hispanic Asian subgroups (East, South, and Southeast Asian), and non-Hispanic other. Main Outcomes and Measures Diagnosed diabetes was based on self-reported prior diagnosis. Undiagnosed diabetes was defined as HbA1c 6.5% or greater, FPG 126 mg/dL or greater, or 2hPG 200 mg/dL or greater in participants without diagnosed diabetes. Total diabetes was defined as diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes. Results The study sample included 7575 US adults (mean age, 47.5 years; 52% women; 2866 [65%] non-Hispanic white, 1636 [11%] non-Hispanic black, 1952 [15%] Hispanic, 909 [6%] non-Hispanic Asian, and 212 [3%] non-Hispanic other). A total of 2266 individuals had diagnosed diabetes; 377 had undiagnosed diabetes. Weighted age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of total diabetes was 12.1% (95% CI, 11.0%-13.4%) for non-Hispanic white, 20.4% (95% CI, 18.8%-22.1%) for non-Hispanic black, 22.1% (95% CI, 19.6%-24.7%) for Hispanic, and 19.1% (95% CI, 16.0%-22.1%) for non-Hispanic Asian adults (overall P < .001). Among Hispanic adults, the prevalence of total diabetes was 24.6% (95% CI, 21.6%-27.6%) for Mexican, 21.7% (95% CI, 14.6%-28.8%) for Puerto Rican, 20.5% (95% CI, 13.7%-27.3%) for Cuban/Dominican, 19.3% (95% CI, 12.4%-26.1%) for Central American, and 12.3% (95% CI, 8.5%-16.2%) for South American subgroups (overall P < .001). Among non-Hispanic Asian adults, the prevalence of total diabetes was 14.0% (95% CI, 9.5%-18.4%) for East Asian, 23.3% (95% CI, 15.6%-30.9%) for South Asian, and 22.4% (95% CI, 15.9%-28.9%) for Southeast Asian subgroups (overall P = .02). The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 3.9% (95% CI, 3.0%-4.8%) for non-Hispanic white, 5.2% (95% CI, 3.9%-6.4%) for non-Hispanic black, 7.5% (95% CI, 5.9%-9.1%) for Hispanic, and 7.5% (95% CI, 4.9%-10.0%) for non-Hispanic Asian adults (overall P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this nationally representative survey of US adults from 2011 to 2016, the prevalence of diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes varied by race/ethnicity and among subgroups identified within the Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian populations.

中文翻译：

---

2011-2016 年美国不同种族和民族的糖尿病患病率

重要性 美国西班牙裔和亚裔美国人亚群中糖尿病的患病率尚不清楚。目的 估计主要种族/族裔群体以及选定的西班牙裔和非西班牙裔亚洲亚群在 20 岁或 20 岁以上的美国成年人中糖尿病患病率的种族/民族差异。设计、设置和参与者 2011-2016 年全国健康和营养检查调查，代表非机构化、平民、美国人口的横断面样本。样本包括在采访或测量血红蛋白 A1c (HbA1c)、空腹血糖 (FPG) 和 2 小时血糖 (2hPG) 期间自我报告诊断为糖尿病的 20 岁或以上的成年人。种族/族裔群体：非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人、西班牙裔和西班牙裔亚群（墨西哥人、波多黎各人、古巴/多米尼加、中美洲和南美洲）、非西班牙裔亚裔和非西班牙裔亚组（东亚、南亚和东南亚），以及非西班牙裔其他。主要结果和措施 诊断出的糖尿病是基于自我报告的先前诊断。未确诊的糖尿病被定义为 HbA1c 6.5% 或更高、FPG 126 mg/dL 或更高、或 2hPG 200 mg/dL 或更高的未诊断糖尿病参与者。总糖尿病定义为确诊或未确诊的糖尿病。结果 研究样本包括 7575 名美国成年人（平均年龄，47.5 岁；52% 女性；2866 [65%] 非西班牙裔白人，1636 [11%] 非西班牙裔黑人，1952 [15%] 西班牙裔，909 [6%] ] 非西班牙裔亚洲人，和 212 [3%] 非西班牙裔其他人）。共有 2266 人被诊断为糖尿病；377 人患有未确诊的糖尿病。总糖尿病的加权年龄和性别调整患病率为 12。非西班牙裔白人为 1%（95% CI，11.0%-13.4%），非西班牙裔黑人为 20.4%（95% CI，18.8%-22.1%），22.1%（95% CI，19.6%-24.7%） ) 为西班牙裔，19.1% (95% CI, 16.0%-22.1%) 为非西班牙裔亚洲成年人（总体 P < .001）。在西班牙裔成年人中，墨西哥人总糖尿病的患病率为 24.6%（95% CI，21.6%-27.6%），波多黎各人为 21.7%（95% CI，14.6%-28.8%），20.5%（95% CI， 13.7%-27.3%）古巴/多米尼加，19.3%（95% CI，12.4%-26.1%）中美洲，12.3%（95% CI，8.5%-16.2%）南美洲亚组（总体 P < .001）。在非西班牙裔亚洲成年人中，东亚人总糖尿病的患病率为 14.0%（95% CI，9.5%-18.4%），南亚人为 23.3%（95% CI，15.6%-30.9%）和 22.4% （95% CI，15.9%-28.9%）东南亚亚组（总体 P = .02）。未确诊糖尿病的患病率为 3.9% (95% CI, 3.0%-4. 8%）非西班牙裔白人，5.2%（95% CI，3.9%-6.4%）非西班牙裔黑人，7.5%（95% CI，5.9%-9.1%）西班牙裔，7.5%（95%） CI，4.9%-10.0%）非西班牙裔亚洲成年人（总体 P < .001）。结论和相关性 在 2011 年至 2016 年对美国成年人进行的这项具有全国代表性的调查中，糖尿病和未确诊糖尿病的患病率因种族/民族以及西班牙裔和非西班牙裔亚洲人群中确定的亚组而异。