Prenatal testosterone (T)-treated female sheep exhibit an enhanced inflammatory and oxidative stress state in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) but not in the subcutaneous (SAT), while surprisingly maintaining insulin sensitivity in both depots. In adult sheep, adipose tissue is predominantly composed of white adipocytes which favor lipid storage. Brown/beige adipocytes that make up the brown adipose tissue (BAT) favor lipid utilization due to thermogenic uncoupled protein 1 expression and are interspersed amidst white adipocytes, more so in epicardiac (ECAT) and perirenal (PRAT) depots. The impact of prenatal T-treatment on ECAT and PRAT depots are unknown. As BAT imparts a metabolically healthy phenotype, the depot-specific impact of prenatal T-treatment on inflammation, oxidative stress, differentiation and insulin sensitivity could be dictated by the distribution of brown adipocytes. This hypothesis was tested by assessing markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, adipocyte differentiation, fibrosis and thermogenesis in adipose depots from control and prenatal T (100 mg T propionate twice a week from days 30-90 of gestation) -treated female sheep at 21 months of age. Our results show prenatal T-treatment induces depot-specific changes in inflammation, oxidative stress state, collagen accumulation, and differentiation with changes being more pronounced in the VAT. Prenatal T-treatment also increased thermogenic gene expression in all depots indicative of increased browning with effects being more prominent in VAT and SAT. Considering that inflammatory and oxidative stress are also elevated, the increased brown adipocyte distribution is likely a compensatory response to maintain insulin sensitivity and function of organs in the proximity of respective depots.

中文翻译：

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发展计划：雌性绵羊的脂肪库特定变化和产热脂肪细胞分布。

产前睾丸激素（T）处理的雌性绵羊在内脏脂肪组织（VAT）中表现出增强的炎症和氧化应激状态，而在皮下（SAT）中则没有，同时出人意料地在两个储库中都保持了胰岛素敏感性。在成年绵羊中，脂肪组织主要由白色脂肪细胞组成，这些脂肪细胞有助于脂质的储存。构成棕色脂肪组织（BAT）的棕色/米色脂肪细胞由于生热的未偶联蛋白1表达而有利于脂质利用，并且散布在白色脂肪细胞中，在心外膜（ECAT）和肾周（PRAT）库中更是如此。产前T治疗对ECAT和PRAT仓库的影响尚不清楚。由于BAT赋予了代谢健康的表型，因此产前T治疗对炎症，氧化应激，棕色脂肪细胞的分布决定了细胞的分化和胰岛素敏感性。通过评估对照和产前T（妊娠30-90天后每周两次两次，每次100 mg丙酸丙酸酯）处理的雌性绵羊在21个月时的氧化应激，炎症，脂肪细胞分化，纤维化和生热的标志物，检验了这一假设。年龄。我们的研究结果表明，产前T疗法会引起炎症，氧化应激状态，胶原蛋白积累和分化等特定部位的变化，而这种变化在增值税中更为明显。产前T治疗还提高了所有仓库中的致热基因表达，表明褐变增加，且在VAT和SAT中的影响更为明显。考虑到炎症和氧化应激也升高，