Disruption of mitochondrial function is a common feature of inherited mitochondrial diseases (mitochondriopathies) and many other infectious and non-infectious diseases including viral, bacterial and protozoan infections, inflammatory and chronic pain, neurodegeneration, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Mitochondria therefore become an attractive target for developing new therapies. In this review we describe critical mechanisms involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial functionality and discuss strategies used to identify and validate mitochondrial targets in different diseases. We also highlight the most recent preclinical and clinical findings using molecules targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics, morphology, number, content and detoxification systems in common pathologies.

线粒体功能的破坏是遗传性线粒体疾病（线粒体病）以及许多其他传染性和非传染性疾病（包括病毒，细菌和原生动物感染，炎性和慢性疼痛，神经退行性疾病，糖尿病，肥胖症和心血管疾病）的共同特征。因此，线粒体成为开发新疗法的有吸引力的靶标。在这篇综述中，我们描述了维持线粒体功能的关键机制，并讨论了用于识别和验证不同疾病中线粒体靶标的策略。我们还将重点介绍在常见病理中使用针对线粒体生物能，形态，数量，含量和排毒系统的分子的最新临床前和临床发现。