BACKGROUND Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. COPD patients using inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have an increased risk of pneumonia, but less is known about whether ICS treatment in asthma also increases the risk of pneumonia. The aim of this analysis was to examine risk factors for hospitalisations with pneumonia in a general population sample with special emphasis on asthma and the use of ICS in asthmatics. METHODS In 1999 to 2000, 7340 subjects aged 28 to 54 years from three Swedish centres completed a brief health questionnaire. This was linked to information on hospitalisations with pneumonia from 2000 to 2010 and treatment with ICS from 2005 to 2010 held within the Swedish National Patient Register and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. RESULTS Participants with asthma (n = 587) were more likely to be hospitalised with pneumonia than participants without asthma (Hazard Ratio (HR 3.35 (1.97-5.02)). Other risk factors for pneumonia were smoking (HR 1.93 (1.22-3.06)), BMI < 20 kg/m2 (HR 2.74 (1.41-5.36)) or BMI > 30 kg/m2 (HR 2.54 (1.39-4.67)). Asthmatics (n = 586) taking continuous treatment with fluticasone propionate were at an increased risk of being hospitalized with pneumonia (incidence risk ratio (IRR) 7.92 (2.32-27.0) compared to asthmatics that had not used fluticasone propionate, whereas no significant association was found with the use of budesonide (IRR 1.23 (0.36-4.20)). CONCLUSION Having asthma is associated with a three times higher risk of being hospitalised for pneumonia. This analysis also indicates that there are intraclass differences between ICS compounds with respect to pneumonia risk, with an increased risk of pneumonia related to fluticasone propionate.

中文翻译：

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哮喘和吸入糖皮质激素治疗：与肺炎住院相关。

背景技术肺炎是发病率和死亡率的重要原因。使用吸入性糖皮质激素（ICS）的COPD患者罹患肺炎的风险增加，但是对于哮喘中ICS治疗是否也会增加肺炎的风险知之甚少。这项分析的目的是检查一般人群样本中肺炎住院的风险因素，其中特别强调哮喘和在哮喘患者中使用ICS。方法在1999年至2000年，来自瑞典三个中心的7340名年龄在28至54岁之间的受试者完成了一份简短的健康调查表。这与在2000年至2010年期间在瑞典国家患者登记簿和瑞典处方药登记簿中举行的肺炎住院治疗以及2005年至2010年使用ICS治疗的信息有关。