Abstract This study reports an efficient and straightforward method to construct hierarchical architectures for electrochemical energy storage. The composites, which are based on needle-like polyaniline (PANI) and high quality electrochemical exfoliation graphene (EG), can be a potential candidate for sodium batteries cathode due to favorable structural and morphological properties. Kinetics analysis of cyclic voltammetry has evidenced the diffusion controlled and pseudocapacitive controlled contributions of charge storage in the EG-PANI composite cathode. For the first time, the full sodium cell based on the EG-PANI composite was constructed and the rate capacities reached up to 64 mA h g−1 at the current densities of 100 mA g−1. In addition, the readily available composites bearing high conductivity and high-quality contact interface also enable the design of efficient supercapacitor. Specifically, the specific capacitance of EG-PANI composites electrode is 736 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, and the specific capacitance can be achieved to 410 F g−1 under 10 A g−1 (high current density). The synergistic effect of EG and PANI provides a remarkable storage capacity. Our work has inspired the search for large scale and hierarchical architectures materials for electrochemical energy storage.

中文翻译：

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用于超级电容器和钠电池阴极的电化学剥离石墨烯上聚苯胺纳米针阵列的分层结构

摘要 本研究报告了一种构建电化学能量存储分层结构的有效且直接的方法。这种基于针状聚苯胺 (PANI) 和高质量电化学剥离石墨烯 (EG) 的复合材料由于具有良好的结构和形态特性，可以成为钠电池正极的潜在候选材料。循环伏安法的动力学分析证明了 EG-PANI 复合阴极中电荷存储的扩散控制和赝电容控制贡献。首次构建了基于 EG-PANI 复合材料的全钠电池，在 100 mA g-1 的电流密度下，倍率容量达到了 64 mA h g-1。此外，具有高导电性和高质量接触界面的现成复合材料也有助于设计高效的超级电容器。具体而言，EG-PANI复合电极的比电容在0.2 A g-1时为736 F g-1，在10 A g-1（高电流密度）下比电容可达到410 F g-1。EG 和 PANI 的协同作用提供了显着的存储容量。我们的工作激发了对用于电化学储能的大规模和分层结构材料的探索。