Abstract Aim Emerging infectious diseases arising from pathogen spillover from mammals to humans constitute a substantial health threat. Tracing virus origin and predicting the most likely host species for future spillover events are major objectives in One Health disciplines. We assessed patterns of virus sharing among a large diversity of mammals, including humans and domestic species. Location Global. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Mammals and associated viruses. Methods We used network centrality analysis and trait‐based Bayesian hierarchical models to explore patterns of virus sharing among mammals. We analysed a global database that compiled the associations between 1,785 virus species and 725 mammalian host species as sourced from automatic screening of meta‐data accompanying published nucleotide sequences between 1950 and 2019. Results We show that based on current evidence, domesticated mammals hold the most central positions in networks of known mammal–virus associations. Among entire host–virus networks, Carnivora and Chiroptera hold central positions for mainly sharing RNA viruses, whereas ungulates hold central positions for sharing both RNA and DNA viruses with other host species. We revealed strong evidence that DNA viruses were phylogenetically more host specific than RNA viruses. RNA viruses exhibited low functional host specificity despite an overall tendency to infect phylogenetically related species, signifying high potential to shift across hosts with different ecological niches. The frequencies of sharing viruses among hosts and the proportion of zoonotic viruses in hosts were larger for RNA than for DNA viruses. Main conclusions Acknowledging the role of domestic species in addition to host and virus traits in patterns of virus sharing is necessary to improve our understanding of virus spread and spillover in times of global change. Understanding multi‐host virus‐sharing pathways adds focus to curtail disease spread.

中文翻译：

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家养物种发挥着重要作用，DNA 和 RNA 病毒在哺乳动物中传播明显

摘要 目的 由于病原体从哺乳动物溢出到人类而引起的新发传染病对人类健康构成重大威胁。追踪病毒起源并预测未来溢出事件最可能的宿主物种是“同一个健康”学科的主要目标。我们评估了多种哺乳动物（包括人类和家养物种）之间的病毒共享模式。地点 全球。时间段 当前。主要分类群研究哺乳动物和相关病毒。方法我们使用网络中心性分析和基于特征的贝叶斯分层模型来探索哺乳动物之间的病毒共享模式。我们分析了一个全球数据库，该数据库汇编了 1,785 种病毒物种与 725 种哺乳动物宿主物种之间的关联，这些关联来源于自动筛选 1950 年至 2019 年间公布的核苷酸序列所附的元数据。结果我们表明，根据目前的证据，驯化的哺乳动物拥有最多的病毒在已知的哺乳动物-病毒关联网络中处于中心位置。在整个宿主-病毒网络中，食肉目和翼手目处于主要共享RNA病毒的中心位置，而有蹄类动物则处于与其他宿主物种共享RNA和DNA病毒的中心位置。我们揭示了强有力的证据，表明 DNA 病毒在系统发育上比 RNA 病毒更具宿主特异性。尽管RNA病毒总体上倾向于感染系统发育相关的物种，但表现出较低的功能宿主特异性，这意味着在具有不同生态位的宿主之间转移的巨大潜力。RNA病毒在宿主之间共享病毒的频率以及宿主体内人畜共患病毒的比例大于DNA病毒。主要结论 除了宿主和病毒特征之外，承认家养物​​种在病毒共享模式中的作用对于提高我们对全球变化时期病毒传播和溢出的理解是必要的。了解多宿主病毒共享途径增加了遏制疾病传播的焦点。