The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes have briefly updated their 2018 recommendations on management of hyperglycaemia, based on important research findings from large cardiovascular outcomes trials published in 2019. Important changes include: (1) the decision to treat high-risk individuals with a glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), hospitalisation for heart failure (hHF), cardiovascular death or chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression should be considered independently of baseline HbA1c or individualised HbA1c target; (2) GLP-1 receptor agonists can also be considered in patients with type 2 diabetes without established cardiovascular disease (CVD) but with the presence of specific indicators of high risk; and (3) SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure, particularly those with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, to reduce hHF, MACE and CVD death, as well as in patients with type 2 diabetes with CKD (eGFR 30 to ≤60 ml min-1 [1.73 m]-2 or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >30 mg/g, particularly >300 mg/g) to prevent the progression of CKD, hHF, MACE and cardiovascular death.

中文翻译：

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2019年更新至：2型糖尿病的高血糖管理，2018年。美国糖尿病协会（ADA）和欧洲糖尿病研究协会（EASD）的共识报告。

（2）GLP-1受体激动剂也可用于没有确定的心血管疾病（CVD）但存在特定的高风险指标的2型糖尿病患者；（3）SGLT2抑制剂推荐用于2型糖尿病和心力衰竭的患者，特别是那些射血分数降低的心力衰竭的患者，以减少hHF，MACE和CVD的死亡，以及2型糖尿病伴CKD（eGFR）的患者。 30至≤60 ml min-1 [1.73 m] -2或尿白蛋白与肌酐之比> 30 mg / g，尤其是> 300 mg / g），以防止CKD，hHF，MACE和心血管疾病的死亡。