Typhoid fever is a global infectious disease which remains a severe health problem in Asia and Africa. In subnational levels of Iran, environmental and socio-economic properties are often so divergent, that can have a major effect on the incidence of typhoid fever. We used the data of MOHME that has reported 2474 cases of typhoid fever from 20th Feb 2012 to 31st Dec 2017 in Iran. First, we ran a spatial autocorrelation analysis to see whether there is any spatial trend in incidence cases and find the high-high clusters of typhoid (at different confidence levels) using Local indicators of spatial association (LISAs). To explore the spatial and temporal patterns of typhoid fever and examine their relationship with climatic and socio-economic variables; we have employed a spatiotemporal zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model in a Bayesian framework. Our results show thirteen High-High clusters and windspeed (RR [95% CrI] = 1.39 [1.15–1.69]), public sewerage system (RR [95% CrI] = 0.76 [0.63–0.92]), years of schooling (RR [95% CrI] = 0.78 [0.65–0.95]), wealth index (RR [95% CrI] = 0.59 [0.55–0.63]) and urbanization (RR [95% CrI] = 0.6 [0.48–0.76]) as variables that are importantly associated with typhoid fever incidence. Therefore, typhoid fever is spatially clustered with a high incidence in children and adolescents. Windy, poor, rural, and uneducated areas are high-risk regions that can be controlled by proliferating the standard sewerage networks, which eventually leads to safer water supplies.

伤寒是一种全球性传染病，在亚洲和非洲仍然是严重的健康问题。在伊朗的国家以下地区，环境和社会经济属性通常差异很大，可能会对伤寒的发生产生重大影响。我们使用了MOHME的数据，该数据报告了2012年2月20日至2017年12月31日在伊朗发生的2474例伤寒。首先，我们进行了空间自相关分析，以查看发病情况中是否存在任何空间趋势，并使用空间关联局部指标（LISA）查找伤寒的高-高簇（在不同的置信度下）。探索伤寒的时空格局，并检查其与气候和社会经济变量的关系；我们在贝叶斯框架中采用了时空零膨胀泊松（ZIP）模型。我们的结果显示了13个高-高簇和风速（RR [95％CrI] = 1.39 [1.15-1.69]），公共污水处理系统（RR [95％CrI] = 0.76 [0.63-0.92]），受教育年限（RR [95％CrI] = 0.78 [0.65-0.95]），财富指数（RR [95％CrI] = 0.59 [0.55-0.63]）和城市化程度（RR [95％CrI] = 0.6 [0.48-0.76]）作为变量与伤寒的发病率重要相关。因此，伤寒在空间上聚集在一起，在儿童和青少年中发病率很高。高风，贫困，农村和未受教育的地区是高风险地区，可以通过扩散标准的污水处理网络来控制，最终导致更安全的水供应。财富指数（RR [95％CrI] = 0.59 [0.55-0.63]）和城市化程度（RR [95％CrI] = 0.6 [0.48-0.76]）是与伤寒发病率重要相关的变量。因此，伤寒在空间上聚集在儿童和青少年中，发病率很高。高风，贫困，农村和未受教育的地区是高风险地区，可以通过扩散标准的污水处理网络来控制，最终导致更安全的水供应。财富指数（RR [95％CrI] = 0.59 [0.55-0.63]）和城市化程度（RR [95％CrI] = 0.6 [0.48-0.76]）是与伤寒发病率重要相关的变量。因此，伤寒在空间上聚集在一起，在儿童和青少年中发病率很高。多风，贫穷，农村和未受教育的地区是高风险地区，可以通过扩散标准的污水处理网络来控制，最终导致更安全的供水。