The first years of life constitute a crucial period for neurodevelopment and a window of opportunity to develop new strategies to prevent neurological and mental diseases. Different studies have shown the influence of gut bacteria in neurogenesis and a functional relationship between gut microbiota and the brain, known as 'gut-brain axis', in which the intestinal microbiota is proposed to play a key role in neurophysiological processes. It has been observed that certain microbiome metabolites could be related to the development of neurological disorders through mechanisms still unknown. Then, more studies are needed to broaden the knowledge regarding the relationship between the Central Nervous System and the gastrointestinal tract, which could help to develop new preventive and treatment protocols.

中文翻译：

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婴儿时期肠道菌群对神经发生和神经系统疾病的影响。

生命的最初几年是神经发育的关键时期，也是开发预防神经和精神疾病新策略的机会之窗。不同的研究表明肠道细菌对神经发生的影响以及肠道菌群和大脑之间的功能关系，即“肠脑轴”，其中肠道菌群在神经生理过程中起着关键作用。已经观察到某些微生物组代谢物可能通过尚不清楚的机制与神经系统疾病的发展有关。然后，需要进行更多的研究以拓宽有关中枢神经系统与胃肠道之间关系的知识，这可能有助于制定新的预防和治疗方案。