Culex quinquefasciatus is a successful invasive species broadly distributed in subtropical regions, including Brazil. It is an extremely annoying mosquito due to its nocturnal biting behavior, in high-density populations and it is a potential bridge between sylvatic arbovirus from birds to man in urban territories. Herein, we present a review concerning the methods of chemical control employed against Cx. quinquefasciatus in Brazil since the 1950's and insecticide resistance data registered in the literature. As there is no specific national programme for Cx. quinquefasciatus control in Brazil, the selection of insecticide resistance is likely due in part to the well-designed chemical campaigns against Aedes aegypti and the elevated employment of insecticides by households and private companies. There are very few publications about insecticide resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus from Brazil when compared to Ae. aegypti. Nevertheless, resistance to organophosphates, carbamate, DDT, pyrethroids and biolarvicides has been registered in Cx. quinquefasciatus populations from distinct localities of the country. Concerning physiological mechanisms selected for resistance, distinct patterns of esterases, as well as mutations in the acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) and voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV) genes, have been identified in natural populations. Given environmental changes and socioeconomical issues in the cities, in recent years we have been experiencing an increase in the number of disease cases caused by arboviruses, which may involve Cx. quinquefasciatus participation as a key vector. It is urgent to better understand the efficiency and susceptibility status to insecticides, as well as the genetic background of known resistant mechanisms already present in Cx. quinquefasciatus populations for an effective and rapid chemical control when eventually required.

中文翻译：

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巴西库克斯（Culex quinquefasciatus）说的杀虫剂抗性，1823年，巴西：一篇综述。

昆克库蚊（Culex quinquefasciatus）是一种成功的入侵物种，广泛分布于包括巴西在内的亚热带地区。由于其夜间咬人行为，在高密度人群中，它是一种非常令人讨厌的蚊子，并且是在城市领土上从鸟类到人类之间的虫媒虫媒病毒之间的潜在桥梁。在本文中，我们提出了有关针对Cx的化学控制方法的综述。自1950年代以来在巴西的quinquefasciatus和杀虫剂抗药性数据已在文献中登记。由于没有针对Cx的特定国家计划。在巴西控制金枪鱼（Quinquefasciatus）的情况下，选择抗药性的部分原因可能是针对埃及伊蚊的精心设计的化学运动以及家庭和私营公司对杀虫剂的大量使用。关于Cx中抗药性的出版物很少。与Ae相比，来自巴西的quinquefasciatus。埃及 但是，在Cx中已注册了对有机磷酸盐，氨基甲酸酯，滴滴涕，拟除虫菊酯和杀生物杀虫剂的抗药性。来自该国不同地区的quinquefasciatus种群。关于为抗性选择的生理机制，已在自然种群中鉴定出酯酶的不同模式，以及乙酰胆碱酯酶（ace-1）和电压门控钠通道（NaV）基因的突变。考虑到城市中的环境变化和社会经济问题，近年来，由于虫媒病毒（可能涉及Cx）引起的疾病病例数不断增加。quinquefasciatus参与是关键向量。迫切需要更好地了解杀虫剂的效率和易感性状态，以及Cx中已经存在的已知抗药性机制的遗传背景。最终需要时，可以对昆士fa藜种群进行有效，快速的化学控制。