BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities in health is a widely studied topic. However, epidemiological research tends to focus on one or a few outcomes conditioned on one indicator, overlooking the fact that health inequalities can vary depending on the outcome studied and the indicator used. To bridge this gap, this study aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the patterns of socioeconomic health inequalities in Northern Sweden over time, across a range of health outcomes, using an 'outcome-wide' epidemiological approach. METHOD Cross-sectional data from three waves of the 'Health on Equal Terms' survey, distributed in 2006, 2010 and 2014 were used. Firstly, socioeconomic inequalities by income and education for twelve outcomes (self-rated health, self-rated dental health, overweight, hypertension, diabetes, long-term illness, stress, depression, psychological distress, smoking, risky alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity) were examined by calculating the Slope Index of Inequality. Secondly, time trends for each outcome and socioeconomic indicator were estimated. RESULTS Income inequalities increased for psychological distress and physical inactivity in men as well as for self-rated health, overweight, hypertension, long-term illness, and smoking among women. Educational inequalities increased for hypertension, long-term illness, and stress (the latter favouring lower education) in women. The only instance of decreasing income inequalities was seen for long-term illness in men, while education inequalities decreased for long-term illness in men and poor self-rated health, poor self-rated dental health, and smoking in women. CONCLUSION Patterns of absolute socioeconomic inequalities in health vary by health and socioeconomic indicator, as well as between men and women. Overall, trends appear more stagnant in men while they fluctuate in women. Income inequalities seem to be generally greater than educational inequalities when looking across several different health indicators, a message that can only be derived from this type of outcome-wide study. These disparate findings suggest that generalised and universal statements about the development of health inequalities can be too simplistic and potentially misleading. Nonetheless, despite inequalities being complex, they do exist and tend to increase. Thus, an outcome-wide approach is a valuable method which should be utilised to generate evidence for prioritisations of policy decisions.

中文翻译：

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广泛传播并广泛扩大？通过十二项健康指标检查瑞典北部的绝对社会经济健康不平等。

背景技术健康方面​​的社会经济不平等是一个广泛研究的话题。然而，流行病学研究往往侧重于以一项指标为条件的一项或多项结果，忽视了健康不平等可能因研究的结果和所使用的指标而异的事实。为了弥补这一差距，本研究旨在采用“全结果”流行病学方法，全面了解瑞典北部随时间推移的社会经济健康不平等模式，涵盖一系列健康结果。方法 使用 2006 年、2010 年和 2014 年发布的三轮“平等健康”调查的横截面数据。首先，收入和教育造成的社会经济不平等有十二种结果（自评健康、自评牙齿健康、超重、高血压、糖尿病、长期疾病、压力、抑郁、心理困扰、吸烟、危险饮酒和缺乏身体活动） ）通过计算不平等斜率指数进行检查。其次，估计了每个结果和社会经济指标的时间趋势。结果 男性因心理困扰和缺乏身体活动而导致收入不平等，而女性则因自我评价健康状况、超重、高血压、长期疾病和吸烟而加剧收入不平等。女性的高血压、长期疾病和压力（后者有利于较低的教育程度）导致教育不平等加剧。收入不平等减少的唯一例子是男性长期患病，而教育不平等则因男性长期患病以及女性自评健康状况不佳、牙齿健康状况不佳和吸烟而减少。结论 健康方面的绝对社会经济不平等模式因健康和社会经济指标以及男性和女性的不同而不同。总体而言，男性的趋势似乎更加停滞，而女性的趋势则出现波动。从几个不同的健康指标来看，收入不平等似乎普遍大于教育不平等，这一信息只能从这种类型的结果范围研究中得出。这些不同的研究结果表明，关于健康不平等发展的笼统和普遍的陈述可能过于简单化，并且可能具有误导性。尽管如此，尽管不平等现象很复杂，但它们确实存在并且有加剧的趋势。因此，全结果方法是一种有价值的方法，应该用来为政策决策的优先顺序生成证据。