Herein, reliable work has been carried out on the synthesis of cerium-oxide (CeO2)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {CeO}_{2})$$\end{document} nanoparticles (NPs) via hydrothermal and co-precipitation methods. We emphasize the highly adequate hydrothermal method for synthesizing CeO2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {CeO}_{2}$$\end{document} NPs for biomedical applications. Absorption spectra showed peaks at 283 and 274 nm, which confirm the formation of CeO2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {CeO}_{2}$$\end{document} NPs for hydrothermal (HYNPs) and co-precipitation (CONPs) methods, respectively. Functional group analysis firmly showed the presence of organic and inorganic species, which revealed similar characteristics of both HYNPs and CONPs. The cubic structure and the average crystallite size of the synthesized NPs are determined using Scherrer’s and Williamson–Hall methods. The obtained average particle size is compared by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which is around 10 and 5 nm for HYNPs and CONPs, respectively. Further, we studied their antimicrobial activities and consequently, the synthesized CeO2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {CeO}_{2}$$\end{document} NPs showed excellent antimicrobial activities. Moreover, HYNPs yielded promising antioxidant activity with the lowest IC50\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {IC}_{50}$$\end{document} as compared with CONPs. Owing to the biological activity of CeO2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {CeO}_{2}$$\end{document} NPs, HYNPs act as best therapeutic agents in biomedical applications as well as its vital role in antibiotics.

中文翻译：

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氧化铈纳米颗粒的合成及其表面形貌对生物活性的影响

在此，对氧化铈 (CeO2)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy 的合成进行了可靠的工作} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {CeO}_{2})$$\end{document} 纳米粒子（NP）通过水热法和共沉淀法。我们强调合成 CeO2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage 的高度充足的水热法{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {CeO}_{2}$$\end{document} 用于生物医学应用的 NP。吸收光谱在 283 和 274 nm 处出现峰值，这证实了 CeO2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \ setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {CeO}_{2}$$\end{document} NPs 分别用于热液 (HYNPs) 和共沉淀 (CONPs) 方法。官能团分析坚定地表明存在有机和无机物种，这揭示了 HYNP 和 CONP 的相似特征。合成 NPs 的立方结构和平均微晶尺寸使用 Scherrer 和 Williamson-Hall 方法确定。通过使用高分辨率透射电子显微镜比较获得的平均粒径，HYNPs 和 CONPs 的平均粒径分别约为 10 和 5 nm。更多，我们研究了它们的抗菌活性，因此，合成的 CeO2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \ usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {CeO}_{2}$$\end{document} NPs 表现出优异的抗菌活性。此外，HYNPs 产生了有希望的抗氧化活性，IC50\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \ usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {IC}_{50}$$\end{document} 与 CONP 相比。