Osmotic energy represents a widespread and reliable source of renewable energy with minimal daily variability. The key technological bottleneck for osmotic electricity is that membranes must combine highly efficient ion rectification and high ionic flux with long-term robustness in seawater. Here, we show that nanocomposite membranes with structural organization inspired by soft biological tissues with high mechanical and transport characteristics can address these problems. The layered membranes engineered with molecular-scale precision from aramid nanofibers and BN nanosheets simultaneously display high stiffness and tensile strength even when exposed to repeated pressure drops and salinity gradients. The total generated power density over large areas exceeded 0.6 W m⁻² and was retained for as long as 20 cycles (200 h), demonstrating exceptional robustness. Furthermore, the membranes showed high performance in osmotic energy harvesting in unprecedentedly wide ranges of temperature (0°C–95°C) and pH (2.8–10.8) essential for the economic viability of osmotic energy generators.

渗透能代表了广泛且可靠的可再生能源，每日变化最小。渗透电的关键技术瓶颈是，膜必须将高效的离子整流和高的离子通量与海水的长期耐用性结合起来。在这里，我们显示了具有高机械和运输特性的柔软生物组织所激发的具有结构组织的纳米复合膜可以解决这些问题。由芳族聚酰胺纳米纤维和BN纳米片以分子级精度设计的分层膜，即使暴露于反复的压降和盐度梯度下，也同时显示出高的刚度和拉伸强度。大面积的总发电密度超过0.6 W m ^-2并保留了长达20个周期（200小时），证明了其出色的鲁棒性。此外，该膜在前所未有的宽范围温度（0°C–95°C）和pH（2.8–10.8）范围内表现出高性能的渗透能，这对于渗透能发生器的经济可行性至关重要。