In this paper, the novel 3D N/P-codoped hierarchically porous carbon framework in-situ armored Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPCM/Mn₃O₄) prepared by one-step method are first reported. Carbon framework armoring Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles not only improves the conductivity and prevents the aggregation of nanoparticles, but also alleviates the huge volume expansion of Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles by the elastic property of carbon framework during the rapid charge and discharge process, thereby enhancing cycle life. Moreover, N/P-codoped 3D porous structure with high specific surface area provides a clear path, which can effectively reduce the charge transfer resistance and improve the charge storage for high rate capability. Because of these merits, NPCM/Mn₃O₄ exhibits a high specific capacitance (384 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹) and excellent cycle stability (nearly no decay after 5000 cycles). The symmetrical supercapacitors show a large potential window (1.3 V in 6 M KOH electrolyte and 1.6 V in 1 M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte) with a maximum energy density of 16.5 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 207.4 W kg⁻¹. In addition, the all-solid-state supercapacitors device has excellent electrochemical properties and the capacitance remains above 95% after 500 cycles under mechanical bending. These encouraging results lay the foundation for developing novel carbon-based metal oxide electrode materials for high rate energy conversion and storage devices.

本文首次报道了通过一步法制备的新型3D N / P掺杂分级多孔碳骨架原位铠装Mn ₃ O ₄纳米粒子（NPCM / Mn ₃ O ₄）。碳骨架铠装Mn ₃ O ₄纳米粒子不仅提高了电导率，防止了纳米粒子的聚集，而且减轻了Mn ₃ O ₄的巨大体积膨胀纳米颗粒通过碳骨架的弹性特性在快速充放电过程中，从而提高了循环寿命。此外，具有高比表面积的N / P掺杂3D多孔结构提供了一条清晰的路径，可有效降低电荷转移阻力并提高电荷存储能力，以实现高倍率性能。由于这些优点，NPCM / Mn为₃ ö ₄表现出高的比电容（384 F G ^-1在0.5 A g的电流密度^-1）和优异的循环稳定性（5000次循环后几乎没有衰减）。对称的超级电容器显示出较大的电位窗口（在6 M KOH电解质中为1.3 V，在1 M Na ₂ SO _4中为1.6 V电解质）与16.5瓦千克的最大能量密度^-1在207.4千克w ^的功率密度^-1。此外，全固态超级电容器器件具有出色的电化学性能，在机械弯曲下经过500次循环后，电容保持在95％以上。这些令人鼓舞的结果为开发用于高倍率能量转换和存储设备的新型碳基金属氧化物电极材料奠定了基础。