In the fight against cancer, early detection is a key factor for successful treatment. However, the detection of cancer in the early stage has been hindered by the intrinsic limits of conventional cancer diagnostic methods. Nanotechnology provides high sensitivity, specificity, and multiplexed measurement capacity and has therefore been investigated for the detection of extracellular cancer biomarkers and cancer cells, as well as for in vivo imaging. This review summarizes the latest developments in nanotechnology applications for cancer diagnosis. In addition, the challenges in the translation of nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods into clinical applications are discussed.

中文翻译：

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纳米技术在癌症诊断中的进展，挑战和机遇。

在抗击癌症中，及早发现是成功治疗的关键因素。但是，常规癌症诊断方法的固有局限性阻碍了早期阶段的癌症检测。纳米技术提供了高灵敏度，特异性和多重测量能力，因此已被研究用于检测细胞外癌症生物标志物和癌细胞以及体内成像。这篇综述总结了用于癌症诊断的纳米技术应用的最新进展。此外，还讨论了将基于纳米技术的诊断方法转化为临床应用所面临的挑战。