BACKGROUND The Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera, Tephritidae) is the most significant insect pest of Australian horticulture. Bactrocera tryoni is controlled using a range of tools including the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Mass-rearing and irradiation of pupae in SIT can reduce the fitness and quality of the released sterile insects. Studies have also showed reduced microbial gut diversity in domesticated versus wild tephritids. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of the bacterial isolates in the mid-gut of mass-reared larvae, and plate counts from individual larval guts showed increased numbers of bacteria in supplemented larvae. Several developmental and fitness parameters were tested including larval development time (egg-hatch to pupation), pupal weight, emergence, flight ability, sex-ratio, and time to adult eclosion (egg-hatch to adult eclosion). Enterobacter sp. and Asaia sp. shortened larval development time, while this was delayed by Lactobacillus sp., Leuconostoc sp. and a blend of all four bacteria. The mean time from egg hatch to adult eclosion was significantly reduced by Leuconostoc sp. and the blend for males and females, indicating that the individual bacterium and consortium affect flies differently depending on the life stage (larval or pupal). There was no impact of bacterial supplemented larvae on pupal weight, emergence, flight ability, or sex ratio. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that bacteria fed to the larval stage of B. tryoni can impart fitness advantages, but the selection of probiotic strains (individual or a consortium) is key, as each have varying effects on the host. Bacteria added to the larval diet particularly Leuconostoc sp. and the blend have the capacity to reduce costs and increase the number of flies produced in mass-rearing facilities by reducing time to adult eclosion by 1.3 and 0.8 mean days for males, and 1.2 and 0.8 mean days for females.

中文翻译：

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在野外散步：喂食昆士兰果蝇[Bactrocera tryoni（Froggatt）]大量繁殖的幼虫的肠道细菌会影响发育。

背景技术昆士兰果蝇Bactrocera tryoni（Froggatt）（Diptera，Tephritidae）是澳大利亚园艺界最重要的害虫。使用多种工具（包括无菌昆虫技术（SIT））来控制锥虫。SIT中的大量繁殖和辐照会降低所释放不育昆虫的健康度和质量。研究还表明，驯养的和野生的甲状腺素中微生物肠道的多样性降低了。结果透射电子显微镜证实，在大量繁殖的幼虫中肠存在细菌分离株，个别幼虫肠道的板数显示补充幼虫中细菌的数量增加。测试了几个发育和适应性参数，包括幼体发育时间（卵孵化到化脓），化肥重量，出苗，飞行能力，性别比和成年羽化的时间（卵孵化到成年羽化的时间）。肠杆菌 和Asaia sp。缩短了幼虫的发育时间，而乳杆菌属（Leuconostoc sp。）则延迟了幼虫的发育时间。以及所有四种细菌的混合物。Leuconostoc sp。从卵孵化到成虫成虫的平均时间显着减少。以及男性和女性的混合物，表明个体细菌和财团根据生命阶段（幼虫或p）对苍蝇的影响不同。补充细菌的幼虫对p的体重，出苗，飞行能力或性别比没有影响。结论我们的发现表明，饲喂Tryoni幼虫阶段的细菌可以发挥适应性优势，但是选择益生菌菌株（个体或联合体）是关键，因为每种菌株对宿主的影响各不相同。细菌添加到幼虫饮食中，特别是Leuconostoc sp.。这种混合物具有减少成本和增加成群繁殖设施中苍蝇的能力，方法是将成年羽化时间缩短为男性的平均天数为1.3和0.8天，女性的平均天数为1.2和0.8天。