An innovative delivery system based on bacteriophages-loaded alginate-nanohydroxyapatite hydrogel was developed as a multifunctional approach for local tissue regeneration and infection prevention and control. Bacteriophages were efficiently encapsulated, without jeopardizing phage viability and functionality, nor affecting hydrogel morphology and chemical composition. Bacteriophage delivery occurred by swelling-disintegration-degradation process of the alginate structure and was influenced by environmental pH. Good tissue response was observed following the implantation of bacteriophages-loaded hydrogels, sustaining their biosafety profile. Bacteriophages-loaded hydrogels did not affect osteoblastic cells' proliferation and morphology. A strong osteogenic and mineralization response was promoted through the implantation of hydrogels system with nanohydroxyapatite. Lastly, bacteriophages-loaded hydrogel showed excellent antimicrobial activity inhibiting the attachment and colonization of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis surrounding and within femoral tissues. This new local delivery approach could be a promising approach to prevent and control bacterial contamination during implantation and bone integration.

中文翻译：

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藻酸盐-纳米羟基磷灰石水凝胶中封装的噬菌体可作为预防骨科植入物相关感染的新型递送系统。

开发了一种基于载有噬菌体的藻酸盐-纳米羟基磷灰石水凝胶的创新递送系统，作为一种用于局部组织再生以及感染预防和控制的多功能方法。噬菌体被有效地封装，而不损害噬菌体的生存力和功能性，也不影响水凝胶的形态和化学组成。噬菌体的递送是通过藻酸盐结构的溶胀-分解-降解过程而发生的，并且受环境pH的影响。植入载有噬菌体的水凝胶后观察到良好的组织反应，维持了其生物安全性。载有噬菌体的水凝胶不会影响成骨细胞的增殖和形态。纳米羟基磷灰石植入水凝胶系统促进了强烈的成骨和矿化反应。最后，载有噬菌体的水凝胶显示出优异的抗菌活性，抑制了在股骨组织周围和内部的多重耐药性粪肠球菌的附着和定植。这种新的局部递送方法可能是在植入和骨整合过程中预防和控制细菌污染的有前途的方法。