We examined whether cognitive reserve (CR) impacts level of, or rate of change in, biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and small-vessel cerebrovascular disease in >250 individuals who were cognitively normal and middle-aged and older at the baseline. The four primary biomarker categories commonly examined in studies of AD were measured longitudinally: cerebrospinal fluid measures of amyloid (A) and tau (T); cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging measures of neuronal injury (N); and neuroimaging measures of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) to assess cerebrovascular pathology (V). CR was indexed by a composite score including years of education, reading, and vocabulary test performance. Higher CR was associated with lower levels of WMHs, particularly among those who subsequently progressed from normal cognition to MCI. CR was not associated with WMH trajectories. In addition, CR was not associated with either levels of, or rate of change in, A/T/N biomarkers. This may suggest that higher CR is associated with lifestyle factors that reduce levels of cerebrovascular disease, allowing individuals with higher CR to better tolerate other types of pathology.

中文翻译：

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认知正常个体的阿尔茨海默病和脑血管疾病生物标志物的认知储备和变化率

我们检查了认知储备 (CR) 是否会影响超过 250 名在基线时认知正常且中年以上个体的阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和小血管脑血管病生物标志物的水平或变化率。纵向测量 AD 研究中常用的四种主要生物标志物类别：淀粉样蛋白 (A) 和 tau (T) 的脑脊液测量值；神经元损伤（N）的脑脊液和神经影像学测量；和神经影像学测量白质高信号 (WMH) 以评估脑血管病理 (V)。CR 由一个综合评分索引，包括受教育年限、阅读和词汇测试表现。较高的 CR 与较低水平的 WMH 相关，特别是在那些随后从正常认知进展到 MCI 的人中。CR 与 WMH 轨迹无关。此外，CR 与 A/T/N 生物标志物的水平或变化率无关。这可能表明较高的 CR 与降低脑血管疾病水平的生活方式因素有关，使具有较高 CR 的个体能够更好地耐受其他类型的病理。