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Experimental investigation and finite-element modeling of the short-time induction quench-and-temper process of AISI 4140
Journal of Materials Processing Technology ( IF 6.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116485
D. Kaiser , J. Damon , F. Mühl , B. de Graaff , D. Kiefer , S. Dietrich , V. Schulze

Abstract Induction hardening is a widely used surface treatment technique that has extensively been investigated. In contrast, induction tempering with short heating times ≤ 1 s has not been investigated thoroughly, nor by experiment neither by simulations. Also, the influence of rapid tempering on the residual stresses after induction surface hardening has only been investigated superficially. Induction quench and temper experiments were performed, both with heating times ≤ 1 s. A significant change of the residual stress state was observed, leading to a shift from compressive to tensile residual stresses in the surface layer. A multiphysical FE-model for the whole quench-and-temper process has been developed and validated. A good agreement with the experiments for the relevant mechanical properties hardness and residual stress could be achieved. The recently reported transformation induced plasticity during tempering has been found to play a key role in the development of residual stresses during tempering. The simulations further indicate that conventional heat treatment leads to more favorable residual stress states after tempering to a prescribed surface hardness. By accounting for tempering processes during austenitization, the hardening simulation could be generalized to different initial states and allows for the prediction of hardness minima in the transition zone.

中文翻译:

AISI 4140短时感应淬火回火工艺的实验研究和有限元建模

摘要 感应淬火是一种广泛使用的表面处理技术,已被广泛研究。相比之下,短加热时间≤ 1 秒的感应回火尚未经过彻底研究,也没有通过模拟进行实验。此外,快速回火对感应表面淬火后残余应力的影响也只是表面研究。进行了感应淬火和回火实验,加热时间均≤ 1 s。观察到残余应力状态发生显着变化,导致表层残余应力从压缩残余应力转变为拉伸残余应力。已经开发并验证了整个淬火回火过程的多物理有限元模型。可以实现与相关机械性能硬度和残余应力的实验的良好一致性。最近报道的回火过程中的相变诱导塑性已被发现在回火过程中残余应力的发展中起着关键作用。模拟进一步表明,在回火到规定的表面硬度后,常规热处理会导致更有利的残余应力状态。通过考虑奥氏体化过程中的回火过程,可以将硬化模拟推广到不同的初始状态,并允许预测过渡区的硬度最小值。模拟进一步表明,在回火到规定的表面硬度后,常规热处理会导致更有利的残余应力状态。通过考虑奥氏体化过程中的回火过程,可以将硬化模拟推广到不同的初始状态,并允许预测过渡区的硬度最小值。模拟进一步表明,在回火到规定的表面硬度后,常规热处理会导致更有利的残余应力状态。通过考虑奥氏体化过程中的回火过程,可以将硬化模拟推广到不同的初始状态,并允许预测过渡区的硬度最小值。
更新日期:2020-05-01
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