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Resilience in reef-building corals: The ecological and evolutionary importance of the host response to thermal stress.
Molecular Ecology ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-16 , DOI: 10.1111/mec.15337
Crawford Drury 1
Affiliation  

Coral reefs are under extreme threat due to a number of stressors, but temperature increases due to changing climate are the most severe. Rising ocean temperatures coupled with local extremes lead to extensive bleaching, where the coral-algal symbiosis breaks down and corals may die, compromising the structure and function of reefs. Although the symbiotic nature of the coral colony has historically been a focus of research on coral resilience, the host itself is a foundational component in the response to thermal stress. Fixed effects in the coral host set trait baselines through evolutionary processes, acting on many loci of small effect to create mosaics of thermal tolerance across latitudes and individual coral reefs. These genomic differences can be strongly heritable, producing wide variation among clones of different genotypes or families of a specific larval cross. Phenotypic plasticity is overlaid on these baselines and a growing body of knowledge demonstrates the potential for acclimatization of reef-building corals through a variety of mechanisms that promote resilience and stress tolerance. The long-term persistence of coral reefs will require many of these mechanisms to adjust to warmer temperatures within a generation, bridging the gap to reproductive events that allow recombination of standing diversity and adaptive change. Business-as-usual climate scenarios will probably lead to the loss of some coral populations or species in the future, so the interaction between intragenerational effects and evolutionary pressure is critical for the survival of reefs.

中文翻译:

造礁珊瑚的复原力:宿主应对热胁迫的生态和进化重要性。

由于许多压力因素,珊瑚礁正处于极端威胁之中,但由于气候变化而引起的温度升高最为严重。不断升高的海洋温度加上局部的极端情况导致了广泛的漂白,珊瑚-藻类共生被破坏,珊瑚可能死亡,损害了珊瑚礁的结构和功能。尽管珊瑚殖民地的共生性历史上一直是研究珊瑚弹性的重点,但宿主本身是对热应激作出反应的基本组成部分。珊瑚寄主中的固定效应通过进化过程设定了特征基线,作用于许多小效应位点,从而在整个纬度和各个珊瑚礁上形成了耐热性的镶嵌图。这些基因组差异可能是很强的遗传力,在特定幼虫杂交的不同基因型或家族的克隆之间产生广泛的变异。表型可塑性覆盖在这些基线上,并且越来越多的知识表明,通过各种可增强抵御力和压力承受能力的机制,使造礁珊瑚适应环境的潜力。珊瑚礁的长期存续将需要许多这样的机制来适应一代人的温度升高,从而弥合与生殖活动之间的鸿沟,从而使站立的多样性和适应性变化得以结合。与往常一样,未来的气候情景可能会导致某些珊瑚种群或物种的流失,因此,世代效应与进化压力之间的相互作用对于珊瑚礁的生存至关重要。表型可塑性覆盖在这些基线上,并且越来越多的知识表明,通过各种可增强抵御力和压力承受能力的机制,使造礁珊瑚适应环境的潜力。珊瑚礁的长期存续将需要许多这样的机制来适应一代人的温度升高,从而弥合与生殖活动之间的鸿沟,从而使站立的多样性和适应性变化得以结合。与往常一样,未来的气候情景可能会导致某些珊瑚种群或物种的流失,因此,世代效应与进化压力之间的相互作用对于珊瑚礁的生存至关重要。表型可塑性覆盖在这些基线上,并且越来越多的知识表明,通过各种可增强抵御力和压力承受能力的机制,使造礁珊瑚适应环境的潜力。珊瑚礁的长期存续将需要许多这样的机制来适应一代人的温度升高,从而弥合与生殖活动之间的鸿沟,从而使站立的多样性和适应性变化得以结合。与往常一样,未来的气候情景可能会导致某些珊瑚种群或物种的流失,因此,世代效应与进化压力之间的相互作用对于珊瑚礁的生存至关重要。
更新日期:2020-01-14
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