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Current approaches in decoding the molecular mechanisms of long‐term stress in adult farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Reviews in Aquaculture ( IF 10.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-16 , DOI: 10.1111/raq.12405
Kine Samset Hoem 1 , Ann‐Kristin Tveten 1
Affiliation  

Aquaculture sustainability and profit is highly dependent on good welfare for farmed fish including the economically important species Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Welfare is closely linked to stress, as prolonged stressful farming conditions can translate into reduced performance and health. Understanding how Atlantic salmon responds to aquaculture‐related stressors has for the past years been a key focus area of research. Present review evaluates the current state of the art by assessing a defined panel of 13 recent articles on the topic. Particular attention is paid to methodological approaches and challenges in investigating chronic stress effects. Stress experiments are performed in profoundly different ways based on scientific interest, and applied stressors range from environmental challenges, for example water quality, to management‐related practices and dietary stress. We show that majority of studies are limited to analysis at the transcriptional level. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR) is the dominating technology, followed by microarray assays. Post‐translational studies are rare, and correlations between changes in transcript expressions and protein levels are generally not explored. We encourage future research to address this knowledge gap, as insight on proteome status may unravel more long‐standing physiological mechanisms towards stress, for example tertiary effects, that can only be postulated by transcriptional analyses. Attention should also be paid to regulatory mechanisms operating on pre‐ and post‐translational levels, for example microRNAs, which may be affected by environmental challenges and play roles in modifying stress responses.

中文翻译:

解码成年养殖大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)长期胁迫的分子机制的当前方法

水产养殖的可持续性和利润高度依赖于养殖鱼类的良好福利,包括经济上重要的物种大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar))。福利与压力密切相关,因为长期的压力性耕种条件可能会导致性能和健康下降。过去几年来,了解大西洋鲑鱼如何应对与水产养殖相关的压力因素一直是研究的重点领域。本篇综述通过评估13个有关该主题的最新文章的定义小组,来评估当前的技术水平。在研究慢性压力影响时,应特别注意方法论方法和挑战。压力实验是根据科学兴趣以截然不同的方式进行的,应用的压力源范围从环境挑战(例如水质)到与管理相关的做法和饮食压力。我们表明大多数研究限于转录水平的分析。定量逆转录PCR(RT-qPCR)是主要技术,随后是微阵列分析。翻译后研究很少见,并且通常不探讨转录表达变化与蛋白质水平之间的相关性。我们鼓励将来的研究来解决这一知识鸿沟,因为对蛋白质组状态的深入了解可能会揭示出长期存在的应对压力的生理机制,例如只有通过转录分析才能得出的三级效应。还应注意在翻译前和翻译后水平上运行的调控机制,例如microRNA,其可能会受到环境挑战的影响,并在改变应激反应中发挥作用。转录表达的变化与蛋白质水平之间的相关性通常不予探讨。我们鼓励将来的研究来解决这一知识鸿沟,因为对蛋白质组状态的深入了解可能会揭示出长期存在的应对压力的生理机制,例如只有通过转录分析才能得出的三级效应。还应注意在翻译前和翻译后水平上运行的调控机制,例如microRNA,其可能会受到环境挑战的影响,并在改变应激反应中发挥作用。转录表达的变化与蛋白质水平之间的相关性通常不予探讨。我们鼓励将来的研究来解决这一知识鸿沟,因为对蛋白质组状态的深入了解可能会揭示出长期存在的应对压力的生理机制,例如只有通过转录分析才能得出的三级效应。还应注意在翻译前和翻译后水平上运行的调控机制,例如microRNA,其可能会受到环境挑战的影响,并在改变应激反应中发挥作用。只能通过转录分析来推测。还应注意在翻译前和翻译后水平上运行的调控机制,例如microRNA,其可能会受到环境挑战的影响,并在改变应激反应中发挥作用。只能通过转录分析来推测。还应注意在翻译前和翻译后水平上运行的调控机制,例如microRNA,其可能会受到环境挑战的影响,并在改变应激反应中发挥作用。
更新日期:2019-12-16
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