Over the past decade, several studies have shown that activity of extra-renal mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) regulates vascular tone, adipogenesis, adipose tissue function, and cardiomyocyte contraction. In mice, abnormal activation of MR in the vasculature and in adipose tissue favors the occurrence of several components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), such as hypertension, obesity, and glucose intolerance. Accordingly, high levels of aldosterone are associated with obesity and MetS in humans, suggesting that altered activation of aldosterone-MR system in extra-renal tissues leads to profound metabolic dysfunctions. In this context, in addition to the classical indications for heart failure and hypertension, MR antagonists (MRAs) nowadays represent a promising approach to tackle cardiovascular and metabolic disorders occurring in the MetS.

中文翻译：

---

代谢综合征中的盐皮质激素受体：从生理到疾病

在过去十年中，多项研究表明，肾外盐皮质激素受体 (MR) 的活性调节血管张力、脂肪生成、脂肪组织功能和心肌细胞收缩。在小鼠中，血管系统和脂肪组织中 MR 的异常激活有利于代谢综合征 (MetS) 的几种成分的发生，例如高血压、肥胖和葡萄糖耐受不良。因此，高水平的醛固酮与人类肥胖和 MetS 相关，这表明肾外组织中醛固酮-MR 系统的活化改变会导致严重的代谢功能障碍。在这种情况下，除了心力衰竭和高血压的经典适应症外，MR 拮抗剂 (MRA) 现在代表了解决 MetS 中发生的心血管和代谢紊乱的有希望的方法。