Autophagy is an evolutionarily ancient process whereby eukaryotic cells eliminate disposable or potentially dangerous cytoplasmic material, to support bioenergetic metabolism and adapt to stress. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy operates as a critical quality control mechanism for the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis in both parenchymal (hepatocytes) and non-parenchymal (stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells) compartments. In line with this notion, insufficient autophagy has been aetiologically involved in the pathogenesis of multiple liver disorders, including alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we critically discuss the importance of functional autophagy for hepatic physiology, as well as the mechanisms whereby defects in autophagy cause liver disease.

中文翻译：

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自噬在肝脏适应压力中

自噬是一种进化上古老的过程，真核细胞通过该过程消除一次性或潜在危险的细胞质物质，以支持生物能量代谢并适应压力。越来越多的证据表明，自噬是维持实质（肝细胞）和非实质（星状细胞、肝窦内皮细胞、库普弗细胞）区室中肝脏稳态的关键质量控制机制。根据这一观点，自噬不足在多种肝脏疾病的发病机制中具有病因学上的作用，包括 α-1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症、威尔逊病、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、肝纤维化和肝细胞癌。在这里，我们批判性地讨论了功能性自噬对肝脏生理学的重要性，