Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received broad attention in the past decades due to their excellent physical and chemical properties and thus been regarded as a powerful candidate for future star-materials. Although various CNT products and their related applications have been demonstrated recently, their performance can hardly meet the researchers’ expectations compared with their theoretical properties. The current predicament is caused by the immature synthesis method, including the basic science and the producing technology. As the synthesis with controlled structures determines its future, this review summarizes the progress on the basic research and industrialization of CNTs in the past decades, including the fine structure control, aggregation status design and scale-up production, and further points out the way for the future development of CNTs combining with specific applications.

在过去的几十年中，碳纳米管（CNTs）由于其出色的物理和化学特性而受到了广泛的关注，因此被认为是未来星形材料的有力候选者。尽管最近已证明了各种CNT产品及其相关应用，但与它们的理论特性相比，它们的性能几乎不能满足研究人员的期望。当前的困境是由不成熟的合成方法引起的，包括基础科学和生产技术。由于具有受控结构的合成决定了其未来，本综述总结了过去数十年来CNTs的基础研究和工业化进展，包括精细结构控制，聚集状态设计和放大生产，