Background

The demand for fish and fish products is now higher than ever. However, several problems such as nutrient loading or excessive use of resources can be associated with the intensification of aquaculture systems. Integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems (IMTAs) refer to the co-culture of different species belonging to different trophic levels, and offer a sustainable approach to aquaculture development. In these systems, organic and inorganic extractive species will feed on other species waste or on uneaten feed nutrients, acting as bioremediators.

Scope and approach

The extractive capacity that these organisms have to take up nutrients from the water also means they will accumulate chemicals that are often administered in intensive productions. The present review describes a vast number of substances that can be found in IMTAs, either intentionally administered or resulting from contamination, and subsequently accumulated in species reared afterwards in these systems. The presence of such chemicals in organisms produced in IMTAs raises several food safety and human health concerns, which need to be addressed.

Key findings and conclusions

Although IMTAs still face many challenges in terms of large scale production, legislations are not yet ready to comprise co-cultivation of multiple species in proximity. Also, maximum residue limits already existent for fish must be set for other organisms also produced in IMTAs in order to protect consumer's health. An increase in extractive species consumption (e.g. seaweeds) has been noticed during the past few years, and as IMTAs gain importance as a sustainable production method, food safety issues must be tackled.

中文翻译：

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综合多养水产养殖系统–食品安全的潜在风险

背景

现在对鱼和鱼产品的需求比以往任何时候都高。但是，诸如养分装载或资源过度使用等若干问题可能与水产养殖系统的集约化有关。综合多营养水产养殖系统（IMTA）是指属于不同营养级别的不同物种的共养殖，并为水产养殖发展提供了一种可持续的方法。在这些系统中，有机和无机提取物种将以其他物种的废物或未食用的饲料营养为食，作为生物修复剂。

范围和方法

这些生物必须从水中吸收养分的提取能力也意味着它们会积聚经常在集约化生产中施用的化学物质。本综述描述了在IMTA中可以发现的大量物质，这些物质是有意施用的或由污染引起的，随后在这些系统中后来养育的物种中积累。IMTA生产的生物中存在此类化学物质会引起一些食品安全和人类健康问题，需要解决。

主要发现和结论

尽管IMTA在大规模生产方面仍然面临许多挑战，但立法尚未准备好在附近共同养殖多个物种。另外，还必须为在IMTA中也生产的其他生物设定鱼类已经存在的最大残留限量，以保护消费者的健康。在过去几年中，人们注意到采摘物种的消费量（例如海藻）有所增加，而且随着IMTA作为一种可持续的生产方法而变得越来越重要，必须解决食品安全问题。