Cellular gatekeepers are essential to maintain order within a cell and anticipate signals of stress to promote survival. BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (BAX) inhibitor-1 (BI-1), also named transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing-6, is a highly conserved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein. Originally identified as an inhibitor of BAX-induced apoptosis, its pro-survival properties have been expanded to include functions targeted against ER stress, calcium imbalance, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and metabolic dysregulation. Nevertheless, the structural biology and biochemical mechanism of action of BI-1 are still under debate. BI-1 has been implicated in several diseases, including chronic liver disease, diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion injury, neurodegeneration, and cancer. While most studies have demonstrated a beneficial role for BI-1 in the ubiquitous maintenance of cellular homeostasis, its expression in cancer cells seems most often to contribute to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here, we summarize what is known about BI-1 and encourage future studies on BI-1's contribution to cellular life and death decisions to advocate its potential as a target for drug development and other therapeutic strategies.

中文翻译：

---

BAX抑制剂-1：在压力和生存之间。

细胞关守对于维持细胞内的秩序和预测应激信号以促进存活至关重要。BCL2相关的X，凋亡调节剂（BAX）抑制剂-1（BI-1），也称为包含6的跨膜BAX抑制剂基序，是高度保守的内质网（ER）跨膜蛋白。最初被确定为BAX诱导的细胞凋亡的抑制剂，其促生存特性已扩展到包括针对ER应激，钙失衡，活性氧累积和代谢失调的功能。然而，BI-1的结构生物学和生化作用机理仍在争论中。BI-1与多种疾病有关，包括慢性肝病，糖尿病，局部缺血/再灌注损伤，神经变性和癌症。尽管大多数研究已证明BI-1在普遍存在的细胞稳态中具有有益作用，但BI-1在癌细胞中的表达似乎最常有助于肿瘤的发生和转移。在这里，我们总结了关于BI-1的已知知识，并鼓励对BI-1对细胞生死决定的贡献进行进一步的研究，以提倡BI-1作为药物开发和其他治疗策略的靶标的潜力。