Municipal wastewater has a high content of recoverable energy, distributed within particulate and soluble organic matters. It is estimated that the anaerobic treatment of that content and the recovery of biogas energy could supply at least enough power to render a wastewater treatment plant electrically self-sufficient. Therefore, an intensification of wastewater pretreatment could separate and concentrate the organic matter in order to improve the anaerobic stabilization of both the solids and the water streams. In light of this, membrane-based processes have been considered as novel technologies in order to recover carbon from municipal wastewater. In this work, direct membrane filtration, forward osmosis and dynamic membrane have been reviewed as possible membrane-based technologies for the up-concentration of wastewater. A literature overview has been performed in order to elucidate the main operational parameters and to compare the advantages and downsides of every pretreatment reported up until now.

市政废水具有高含量的可回收能量，分布在颗粒物和可溶性有机物中。据估计，该含量的厌氧处理和沼气能量的回收至少可以提供足够的电力，以使废水处理厂实现电力自给。因此，加强废水预处理可以分离并浓缩有机物，以提高固体和水流的厌氧稳定性。鉴于此，基于膜的工艺已被认为是从市政废水中回收碳的新颖技术。在这项工作中，已经对直接膜过滤，正向渗透和动态膜进行了审查，认为它们是用于提高废水浓度的基于膜的技术。