Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the main routes of transmission is by contact with contaminated surfaces, where nosocomial pathogens form sessile communities called biofilms. When forming biofilms, these pathogens are extremely resistant to antibiotics and standard cleaning procedures. In this regard, in order to eliminate the extent of biofilm formation on these surfaces, intensive efforts have been deployed, particularly in recent years, to develop new antibacterial surfaces containing silver or silver compounds, which can be used to prevent the formation of biofilm. In this review, recent developments in the design and manufacturing of silver-based antibacterial surfaces are described in detail. Up-to-date toxicity and governmental regulations are then extensively presented. Finally, based on current research in this promising field, the main challenges and perspectives for their effective implementation are discussed.

中文翻译：

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用于医疗保健相关感染的基于银的抗菌策略：流程，挑战和法规。综合审查。

医疗保健相关感染（HCAI）是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因。传播的主要途径之一是与受污染的表面接触，在这些表面上，医院内的病原体形成了称为生物膜的无柄群落。当形成生物膜时，这些病原体对抗生素和标准清洁程序具有极强的抵抗力。在这一点上，为了消除在这些表面上形成生物膜的程度，已经付出了巨大的努力，特别是近年来，开发了包含银或银化合物的新的抗菌表面，其可用于防止生物膜的形成。在这篇综述中，详细描述了银基抗菌表面的设计和制造方面的最新发展。然后广泛介绍了最新的毒性和政府法规。