Intestinal inflammatory disorders are associated with neurophysiological and behavioral symptoms. Conversely, many disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) are accompanied by intestinal complications. These observations suggest that intestinal and nervous system physiologies are functionally linked. Indeed, a growing body of literature has revealed multiple pathways mediating bidirectional communication between the intestine and the CNS, collectively referred to as the gut-brain axis. In particular, microbes naturally colonizing the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract, termed the gut microbiota, not only correlate with but also play a causative role in regulating CNS function, development and host behavior. Despite these findings, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate gut-brain communication remains in its infancy. However, members of the gut microbiota have been established as potent modulators of intestinal, systemic and CNS-resident immune cell function, suggesting that gut-brain interactions may involve the host immune system. Multiple CNS disorders with gut microbiota associations, including neuroinflammatory, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, also have significant inflammatory manifestations. In this review, I discuss recent advances exploring the role of microbiota-immune interactions as a critical regulator of the gut-brain axis in the context of CNS and related disorders.

中文翻译：

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菌群免疫轴是肠脑交流的中心介质。

肠炎性疾病与神经生理和行为症状有关。相反，许多中枢神经系统疾病（CNS）伴有肠道并发症。这些观察结果表明肠道和神经系统的生理功能是相关的。确实，越来越多的文献已经揭示了介导肠和中枢神经系统之间双向通信的多种途径，统称为肠脑轴。特别地，自然地定居于哺乳动物胃肠道（GI）的微生物称为肠道菌群，不仅与中枢神经系统功能，发育和宿主行为有关，而且在调节中枢神经系统功能，发展和宿主行为中起着致病作用。尽管有这些发现，我们对介导肠脑沟通的细胞和分子机制的了解仍处于起步阶段。然而，肠道菌群的成员已被确定为肠道，全身和中枢神经系统驻留的免疫细胞功能的有效调节剂，这表明肠脑相互作用可能涉及宿主免疫系统。与肠道菌群相关的多种中枢神经系统疾病，包括神经炎症，神经精神疾病和神经退行性疾病，也具有明显的炎症表现。在这篇综述中，我讨论了在中枢神经系统及相关疾病的背景下探索微生物-免疫相互作用作为肠脑轴关键调节剂的作用的最新进展。全身和中枢神经系统驻留的免疫细胞功能，提示肠脑相互作用可能涉及宿主免疫系统。与肠道菌群相关的多种中枢神经系统疾病，包括神经炎症，神经精神疾病和神经退行性疾病，也具有明显的炎症表现。在这篇综述中，我讨论了最近的进展，探讨了微生物群-免疫相互作用在中枢神经系统及相关疾病中作为肠脑轴关键调节剂的作用。全身和中枢神经系统驻留的免疫细胞功能，提示肠脑相互作用可能涉及宿主免疫系统。与肠道菌群相关的多种中枢神经系统疾病，包括神经炎症，神经精神疾病和神经退行性疾病，也具有明显的炎症表现。在这篇综述中，我讨论了在中枢神经系统及相关疾病的背景下探索微生物-免疫相互作用作为肠脑轴关键调节剂的作用的最新进展。