BACKGROUND Triatoma rubrofasciata is the only kissing bug species distributed globally. In the Americas, this species transmits the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, responsible for Chagas disease. The presence of T. rubrofasciata in several Asian countries has greatly increased recently. In Vietnam, it is found in large numbers, closely associated with human environments. Although T. rubrofasciata from Asia is not infected with Tryp. cruzi, it carries other parasites such as Trypanosoma lewisi and Trypanosoma conorhini. Reports of bites by T. rubrofasciata have increased significantly in several places of Vietnam, becoming a public health problem as it produces severe anaphylactic reactions. METHODS Specimens of T. rubrofasciata were collected from seven provinces in central Vietnam. We analyzed different biological attributes (life-cycle, starvation resistance, feeding and reproductive capacities) and genetic characteristics (chromosomes and DNA sequences) of T. rubrofasciata from Vietnam and compared them with Brazilian specimens. Natural infection with Tryp. conorhini and Tryp. lewisi were analyzed in a sample of 100 collected insects. RESULTS Species identification of T. rubrofasciata from central Vietnam was corroborated by genetic markers. Cytogenetic analyses showed that T. rubrofasciata from central Vietnam share the same chromosomal characteristics with individuals from Brazil and Hanoi. DNA sequence analyses of a mitochondrial cytochrome b gene fragment showed little variation between Old and New World specimens. Our study sample, compared with Brazilian individuals, showed a higher survival capacity revealed by a higher hatching rate (98% compared with 80.5%), a larger amount of blood taken in single meal and long-term starvation resistance. Furthermore, this species had a high natural rate of infection with Tryp. conorhini (46%) and Tryp. lewisi (27%). CONCLUSIONS For T. rubrofasciata of Vietnam, a high rate of fecundity throughout the year, a high capacity for starvation, and its occurrence in synanthropic environments of urban areas with a high availability of food sources are risk factors to be taken into account by vector control campaigns. The several allergic reactions caused by their bites and their high infection with Tryp. lewisi highlight the need to implement specific control programmes for T. rubrofasciata in Vietnam.

中文翻译：

---

来自越南的接吻小虫Triatoma rubrofasciata的生物学特性。

背景技术Triatoma rubrofasciata是唯一分布在全球的接吻臭虫。在美洲，该物种传播了造成南美锥虫病的寄生虫克氏锥虫。最近，亚洲几个国家的红褐线虫（T. rubrofasciata）数量大大增加。在越南，发现了大量与人类环境密切相关的物质。尽管来自亚洲的红腹线虫没有感染Tryp。克鲁兹，它携带其他寄生虫，如锥虫锥虫和锥虫锥虫。越南数个地方的红毛锥虫叮咬的报道显着增加，由于引起严重的过敏反应而成为公共卫生问题。方法从越南中部的七个省收集红景天标本。我们分析了不同的生物学属性（生命周期，来自越南的红腹线虫的饥饿抗性，摄食和生殖能力）和遗传特征（染色体和DNA序列），并将其与巴西标本进行了比较。用胰蛋白酶自然感染。conorhini和Tryp。在收集的100种昆虫的样本中分析了路易斯。结果遗传标记证实了来自越南中部的T. rubrofasciata的物种鉴定。细胞遗传学分析表明，来自越南中部的红花圆线虫与来自巴西和河内的个体具有相同的染色体特征。线粒体细胞色素b基因片段的DNA序列分析显示，旧大陆和新大陆标本之间的变异很小。与巴西人相比，我们的研究样本显示出较高的孵化率（98％比80.5％）显示了更高的生存能力，单餐中大量采血和长期饥饿。此外，该物种具有很高的自然感染Tryp率。conorhini（46％）和Tryp。路易斯（27％）。结论对于越南的T. rubrofasciata而言，全年的繁殖力高，饥饿能力高，并且其在城市中的人为环境中发生，食物来源高，是病媒控制需要考虑的危险因素。广告活动。叮咬和高度感染Tryp引起的几种过敏反应。lewisi强调有必要对越南的T. rubrofasciata实施特定的控制计划。路易斯（27％）。结论对于越南的T. rubrofasciata而言，一年中的繁殖力高，饥饿能力高，在城市的人工环境中发生，食物来源丰富，是病媒控制的危险因素。广告活动。叮咬和高度感染Tryp引起的几种过敏反应。lewisi强调有必要对越南的T. rubrofasciata实施特定的控制计划。路易斯（27％）。结论对于越南的T. rubrofasciata而言，全年的繁殖力高，饥饿能力高，并且其在城市中的人为环境中发生，食物来源高，是病媒控制需要考虑的危险因素。广告活动。叮咬和高度感染Tryp引起的几种过敏反应。lewisi强调有必要对越南的T. rubrofasciata实施特定的控制计划。叮咬和高度感染Tryp引起的几种过敏反应。lewisi强调有必要对越南的T. rubrofasciata实施特定的控制计划。叮咬和高度感染Tryp引起的几种过敏反应。lewisi强调有必要对越南的T. rubrofasciata实施特定的控制计划。