BACKGROUND In recent years, the role of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in migraine pathogenesis has achieved considerable interest; however, to date findings are equivocal. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate biomarkers of oxidative stress in episodic and chronic migraineurs (EM and CM patients) and controls. METHODS Forty-four patients with EM, 27 individuals with CM and 19 age-sex-matched controls were enrolled. After collecting data on demographic and headache characteristics, blood samples were collected and analyzed to detect serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO)); total antioxidant capacity using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay; and antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1)). RESULTS Serum levels of CAT and SOD were significantly lower in the CM group than the EM group and controls. However, serum GPx-1 levels of the CM patients were slightly higher than the EM patients and controls (P-value≤0.001). CM patients had lower mean TEAC values than EM patients and controls. In addition, serum levels of NO and MDA were significantly elevated among subjects with CM compared to EM and control individuals (P-value≤0.001). Pearson correlation analysis revealed negative correlations between the number of days of having headaches per month and serum concentrations of the two antioxidant enzymes CAT (r = - 0.60, P-value< 0.001) and SOD (r = - 0.50, P-value< 0.001) as well as TEAC values (r = - 0.61, P-value< 0.001); however, there were positive correlations between headache days and serum GPx-1 levels (r = 0.46, P-value< 0.001), NO (r = 0.62, P-value< 0.001), and MDA (r = 0.64, P-value< 0.001). CONCLUSION Present findings highlighted that chronic migraineurs had lower total non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and higher oxidative stress than episodic migraineurs and control individuals. Although more studies are needed to confirm these data, applying novel prophylactic medications or dietary supplements with antioxidant properties could be promising in migraine therapy.

中文翻译：

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偏头痛患者中氧化剂/抗氧化剂平衡的调查：一项病例对照研究。

背景技术近年来，神经炎症和氧化应激在偏头痛发病机理中的作用引起了广泛的关注。但是，迄今为止的发现尚不明确。因此，本研究的目的是调查发作性和慢性偏头痛（EM和CM患者）和对照中氧化应激的生物标志物。方法纳入44例EM患者，27例CM患者和19例年龄性别匹配的对照者。在收集有关人口统计和头痛特征的数据之后，收集并分析血液样本以检测血清氧化应激生物标记物（丙二醛（MDA）和一氧化氮（NO））的水平；使用Trolox等效抗氧化剂容量（TEAC）分析得出的总抗氧化剂容量; 和抗氧化酶（过氧化氢酶（CAT），超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-1（GPx-1））。结果CM组的血清CAT和SOD水平显着低于EM组和对照组。但是，CM患者的血清GPx-1水平略高于EM患者和对照组（P值≤0.001）。CM患者的平均TEAC值低于EM患者和对照组。另外，与EM和对照组相比，CM受试者中的NO和MDA的血清水平显着升高（P值≤0.001）。皮尔逊相关分析显示每月头痛的天数与两种抗氧化酶CAT（r =-0.60，P值<0.001）和SOD（r =-0.50，P值<0.001）的血清浓度之间呈负相关）以及TEAC值（r =-0.61，P值<0.001）; 但是，头痛天数与血清GPx-1水平呈正相关（r = 0.46，P值<0.001），NO（r = 0.62，P值<0.001）和MDA（r = 0.64，P值<0.001）。结论当前的研究结果表明，慢性偏头痛患者的总非酶抗氧化能力和氧化应激水平均高于情节偏头痛患者和对照组。尽管需要更多的研究来证实这些数据，但在偏头痛治疗中应用具有抗氧化特性的新型预防药物或膳食补充剂可能是有希望的。