Nucleic acid vaccines (NAVs) have recently been tested as a cancer therapy. DNA and mRNA vaccines deliver genetic information encoding tumor antigens (TAs) to the host, which then produces immune responses against cancer cells that express the TAs. Although NAVs are easy, safe, and simple to manufacture, they have not so far been considered viable alternatives to peptide vaccines. Choosing the right TAs, insufficient immunogenicity, and the immunosuppressive nature of cancer are some challenges to this approach. In this review, we discuss approaches that been used to improve the efficiency of anticancer NAVs.

中文翻译：

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DNA 和 mRNA 疫苗对抗癌症的比较。

核酸疫苗 (NAV) 最近已作为癌症疗法进行了测试。DNA 和 mRNA 疫苗将编码肿瘤抗原 (TA) 的遗传信息传递给宿主，然后宿主对表达 TA 的癌细胞产生免疫反应。尽管 NAV 易于制造、安全且简单，但到目前为止，它们还没有被认为是肽疫苗的可行替代品。选择正确的 TA、免疫原性不足以及癌症的免疫抑制性质是这种方法的一些挑战。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了用于提高抗癌 NAV 效率的方法。