BACKGROUND Chemokines are small chemotactic cytokines involved in inflammation, cell migration, and immune regulation in both physiological and pathological contexts. Here, we investigated the profile of chemokines during primary HIV infection (PHI). METHODS Fifty-four participants with blood samples before and during HIV infection and clinical information available were selected from an HIV-negative man who have sex with men (MSM) prospective cohort. Thirty chemokines and 10 cytokines were measured pre- and post-HIV infection in the same individuals using a Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Chemokine Panel. RESULTS Levels of 18 chemokines/cytokines changed significantly during PHI relative to pre-HIV infection levels; 14 were up-regulated and 4 down-regulated. Among them, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were the most prominently raised. Levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 were much higher in the high-set point group (log viral load (lgVL) ≥ 4.5) than those in the low-set point group (lgVL < 4.5) and levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were higher in the low-CD4+ T-cell count group (CD4+ T-cell count ≥ 500). A formula to predict HIV disease progression using a combination panel comprising CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 was developed, where risk score = 0.007 × CXCL9 + 0.004 × CXCL10 - 0.033 × CXCL11 - 1.724, with risk score values higher than the cutoff threshold (0.5211) indicating more rapid HIV disease progression. CONCLUSIONS A panel of plasma CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 measured during primary HIV-1 infection could predict long-term HIV disease prognosis in an MSM group and has potential as a novel biomarker in the clinic.

中文翻译：

---

在原发性HIV感染期间，CXCL9，CXCL10和CXCL11的水平相结合可预测HIV疾病的进展。

背景技术趋化因子是在生理和病理情况下都参与炎症，细胞迁移和免疫调节的小型趋化性细胞因子。在这里，我们调查了原发性HIV感染（PHI）期间趋化因子的概况。方法从54名艾滋病毒阴性男性中与男性发生性行为（MSM）的前瞻性队列中选择了54名在HIV感染之前和期间进行血液采样的参与者，并提供了可用的临床信息。使用Bio-Plex Pro™人趋化因子检测小组在同一个体中，在HIV感染前后，测量了30种趋化因子和10种细胞因子。结果相对于HIV感染前的水平，PHI期间18种趋化因子/细胞因子的水平发生了显着变化。上调了14个，下调了4个。其中，CXCL9，CXCL10和CXCL11最突出。高设定点组（log病毒载量（lgVL）≥4.5）的CXCL9和CXCL10的水平比低设定点组（lgVL <4.5）的高得多，而CXCL9，CXCL10和CXCL11的水平高在低CD4 + T细胞计数组中（CD4 + T细胞计数≥500）。开发了使用包含CXCL9，CXCL10和CXCL11的组合面板来预测HIV疾病进展的公式，其中风险评分= 0.007×CXCL9 + 0.004×CXCL10-0.033×CXCL11-1.724，风险评分值高于临界阈值（0.5211 ）表明HIV疾病进展更为迅速。结论在原发性HIV-1感染期间测量的一组血浆CXCL9，CXCL10和CXCL11可以预测MSM组的长期HIV疾病预后，并有可能在临床中用作新型生物标志物。