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Thinking in and about time: A dual systems perspective on temporal cognition
Behavioral and Brain Sciences ( IF 29.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-25 , DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x18002157
Christoph Hoerl 1 , Teresa McCormack 2
Affiliation  

We outline a dual systems approach to temporal cognition, which distinguishes between two cognitive systems for dealing with how things unfold over time – a temporal updating system and a temporal reasoning system – of which the former is both phylogenetically and ontogenetically more primitive than the latter, and which are at work alongside each other in adult human cognition. We describe the main features of each of the two systems, the types of behavior the more primitive temporal updating system can support, and the respects in which it is more limited than the temporal reasoning system. We then use the distinction between the two systems to interpret findings in comparative and developmental psychology, arguing that animals operate only with a temporal updating system and that children start out doing so too, before gradually becoming capable of thinking and reasoning about time. After this, we turn to adult human cognition and suggest that our account can also shed light on a specific feature of humans’ everyday thinking about time that has been the subject of debate in the philosophy of time, which consists in a tendency to think about the nature of time itself in a way that appears ultimately self-contradictory. We conclude by considering the topic of intertemporal choice, and argue that drawing the distinction between temporal updating and temporal reasoning is also useful in the context of characterizing two distinct mechanisms for delaying gratification.

中文翻译:

关于时间的思考:时间认知的双重系统视角

我们概述了一种时间认知的双系统方法,它区分了两种认知系统,用于处理事物如何随时间展开——一个时间更新系统和一个时间推理系统——前者在系统发育和个体发育上都比后者更原始,并且在成年人的认知中彼此并存。我们描述了这两个系统的主要特征,更原始的时间更新系统可以支持的行为类型,以及它比时间推理系统更受限制的方面。然后,我们使用这两个系统之间的区别来解释比较心理学和发展心理学的发现,认为动物仅在时间更新系统下运作,而儿童也开始这样做,然后逐渐能够思考和推理时间。在这之后,我们转向成年人的认知,并建议我们的叙述还可以阐明人类日常思考时间的一个特定特征,该特征一直是时间哲学中争论的主题,它包括思考时间本质的倾向。时间本身以一种最终看起来自相矛盾的方式。我们通过考虑跨期选择的主题得出结论,并认为在描述两种不同的延迟满足机制的背景下,区分时间更新和时间推理也是有用的。
更新日期:2018-09-25
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