Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a promising candidate for electrochromic smart window and energy applications. In the present work, an eco-friendly approach to spray deposition technique was used to deposit undoped and nickel doped TiO2 thin films using glycerol as an additive. The effect of nickel doping on the microstructure, morphology, composition, magnetic, and electrochromic properties of TiO2 was investigated in detail. Under the action of negative voltage, the undoped TiO2 films exhibit blue coloration, whereas, the nickel doped TiO2 films exhibit brown coloration due to Ni2+ induced defects. The 6% nickel doped TiO2 film achieved a high reversibility of 82% and high transmittance modulation of 48.5%, with a colouration efficiency of 267 cm2/C, fast response of 2.3 s for colouration and 2.5 s for bleaching, compared to other nickel doped TiO2 films.

中文翻译：

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雾化喷雾热解技术沉积的镍掺杂 TiO2 薄膜的棕色着色和电致变色性能

摘要 二氧化钛 (TiO2) 是电致变色智能窗和能源应用的有前途的候选者。在目前的工作中，使用一种环保的喷涂沉积技术方法来沉积未掺杂和镍掺杂的 TiO2 薄膜，使用甘油作为添加剂。详细研究了镍掺杂对 TiO2 的微观结构、形貌、成分、磁性和电致变色性能的影响。在负电压的作用下，未掺杂的 TiO2 薄膜呈现蓝色，而镍掺杂的 TiO2 薄膜由于 Ni2+ 引起的缺陷而呈现棕色。6% 镍掺杂的 TiO2 薄膜实现了 82% 的高可逆性和 48.5% 的高透光率调制，着色效率为 267 cm2/C，着色时间为 2.3 秒，漂白时间为 2.5 秒，