The global prison population has continued to rise, with almost 11 million people in prison despite downward trends in crime. The Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners mandates the protection of basic human rights for persons deprived of liberty and advocates for the improvement of living conditions and environments of people in prison. Health disparity is evident with imprisoned people likely to be the most marginalised and poorest members of society, with health outcomes further compounded when incarcerated. Tackling health inequalities by addressing the health needs of people in prisons is therefore an essential component of contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals specifically to reduce inequality within and among countries and leaving no one behind. Ensuring effective delivery of health care in prisons is an important aspect of life in prison, often challenging given the huge burden of disease in this key population, and is vital in terms of connecting prison health to public health. Imprisoned people are however significantly under-represented in health research, which underpins a lack of evidence-based interventions addressing their complex health needs or informing wider reform of the health service in prisos.^,  Whilst a global increase in prison health research has been observed, this rise is uneven and concentrated in high-income countries.

中文翻译：

---

在确保对撒哈拉以南非洲监狱的健康结果进行有力研究和报告方面面临的挑战。

全球监狱人口持续上升，尽管犯罪率呈下降趋势，但仍有近 1,100 万人入狱。《囚犯待遇最低限度标准规则》要求保护被剥夺自由者的基本人权，并倡导改善囚犯的生活条件和环境。被监禁的人可能是社会中最边缘化和最贫穷的成员，健康差异很明显，被监禁时的健康结果进一步复杂化。因此，通过解决监狱中人员的健康需求来解决健康不平等问题是促进实现可持续发展目标的一个重要组成部分，特别是减少国家内部和国家之间的不平等，不让任何人掉队。确保在监狱中有效提供医疗保健是监狱生活的一个重要方面，鉴于这一关键人群的巨大疾病负担，这通常具有挑战性，并且对于将监狱健康与公共卫生联系起来至关重要。然而，被监禁的人在健康研究中的代表性明显不足，这导致缺乏基于证据的干预措施来解决他们复杂的健康需求或为更广泛的监狱医疗服务改革提供信息。^, 虽然观察到全球监狱健康研究的增加，但这种增加是不均衡的，并且集中在高收入国家。