In recent years, noncoding gene (NCG) translation events have been frequently discovered. The resultant peptides, as novel findings in the life sciences, perform unexpected functions of increasingly recognized importance in many fundamental biological and pathological processes. The emergence of these novel peptides, in turn, has advanced the field of genomics while indispensably aiding living organisms. The peptides from NCGs serve as important links between extracellular stimuli and intracellular adjustment mechanisms. These peptides are also important entry points for further exploration of the mysteries of life that may trigger a new round of revolutionary biotechnological discoveries. Insights into NCG-derived peptides will assist in understanding the secrets of life and the causes of diseases, and will also open up new paths to the treatment of diseases such as cancer. Here, a critical review is presented on the action modes and biological functions of the peptides encoded by NCGs. The challenges and future trends in searching for and studying NCG peptides are also critically discussed.

中文翻译：

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非编码基因编码的肽：挑战和观点。

近年来，非编码基因（NCG）翻译事件频频被发现。由此产生的肽作为生命科学中的新发现，在许多基本生物和病理过程中发挥着越来越重要的意想不到的功能。这些新型肽的出现反过来推动了基因组学领域的发展，同时为生物体提供了不可或缺的帮助。NCG 中的肽是细胞外刺激和细胞内调节机制之间的重要纽带。这些肽也是进一步探索生命奥秘的重要切入点，可能引发新一轮革命性的生物技术发现。对NCG衍生肽的深入了解将有助于了解生命的秘密和疾病的原因，也将为癌症等疾病的治疗开辟新的途径。在此，对 NCG 编码的肽的作用模式和生物学功能进行了批判性评论。还批判性地讨论了寻找和研究 NCG 肽的挑战和未来趋势。