Micro-sized structures made from graphene oxide (GO) attract high interest for their extensive use in tissue engineering. The fabrication and cytotoxicity of 3D graphene-based scaffolds so far have not been extensively discussed with relation to the flake sizes used. In this work we considered GO flakes of two different lognormal size distributions (GO: 4.9 ± 3.8 μm and GO 1 h: 151.6 ± 1.9 nm) as model flakes for fabrication of 3D graphene-based cell culture supports: paper (i.e. 3D layered film structure) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) microfiber using hydrothermal methods. We then used two model cell lines of neuronal origin (SH-SY5Y and HEK-293) to study subsequent scaffolds surface-cells interactions. In particular, the adhesion of HEK cells to the formed structures was much higher than for SH-SY5Y cells, as evidenced by various atomic force, electron and optical microscopy techniques. Formed rGO microfibers had more desired nano-topography (surface roughness) for cell adhesion and growth than simple GO paper, making it ideal scaffold for neural tissue engineering. This work provides insights into the fundamental rules for fabrication of graphene oxide-based cell supports and their subsequently differing interactions with malignant and non-malignant cells.

由氧化石墨烯（GO）制成的微型结构因其在组织工程中的广泛使用而引起了人们的极大兴趣。迄今为止，关于所用薄片的尺寸，尚未广泛讨论基于3D石墨烯的支架的制造和细胞毒性。在这项工作中，我们将两种对数正态分布的GO薄片（GO：4.9±3.8μm和GO 1 h：151.6±1.9 nm）视为用于制造基于3D石墨烯的细胞培养载体的模型薄片：纸（即3D层状膜）结构）和使用水热法还原的氧化石墨烯（rGO）超细纤维。然后，我们使用了两个神经元起源的模型细胞系（SH-SY5Y和HEK-293）来研究随后的支架表面细胞相互作用。尤其是，HEK细胞对形成的结构的粘附力比SH-SY5Y细胞高得多，这一点已通过各种原子力得到了证明，电子和光学显微镜技术。形成的rGO超细纤维比简单的GO纸更具有细胞粘附和生长所需的纳米形貌（表面粗糙度），使其成为神经组织工程的理想支架。这项工作提供了对基于氧化石墨烯的细胞支架制造的基本规则及其随后与恶性和非恶性细胞相互作用的深刻见解。