Judging two events in combination (A&B) as more probable than one of the events (A) is known as a conjunction fallacy. According to dual-process explanations of human judgment and decision making, the fallacy is due to the application of a heuristic, associative cognitive process. Avoiding the fallacy has been suggested to require the recruitment of a separate process that can apply normative rules. We investigated these assumptions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during conjunction tasks. Judgments, whether correct or not, engaged a network of brain regions identical to that engaged during similarity judgments. Avoidance of the conjunction fallacy additionally, and uniquely, involved a fronto-parietal network previously linked to supervisory, analytic control processes. The results lend credibility to the idea that incorrect probability judgments are the result of a representativeness heuristic that requires additional neurocognitive resources to avoid.

中文翻译：

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启发式和规范性概率判断基础的神经认知过程。

将组合事件（A＆B）中的两个事件判断为比其中一个事件（A）更可能被称为合取谬误。根据对人类判断和决策的双重过程解释，谬误是由于启发式，联想式认知过程的应用所致。有人建议，要避免谬误，就必须招募一个可以应用规范性规则的独立程序。我们在任务执行期间使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究了这些假设。判断是否正确，都涉及与相似判断中相同的大脑区域网络。另外，唯一避免合取谬误涉及先前与监管，分析控制过程相关联的额顶网络。