Flowering time regulation is one of the most important processes in the whole life of flowering plants and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is a central repressor of flowering time. However, whether metabolic acetate level affects flowering time is unknown. Here we report that ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE ALDH3F1 plays essential roles in floral transition via FLC‐dependent pathway. In the aldh3f1‐1 mutant, the flowering time was significant earlier than Col‐0 and the FLC expression level was reduced. ALDH3F1 had aldehyde dehydrogenase activity to affect the acetate level in plants, and the amino acids of E214 and C252 are essential for its catalytic activity. Moreover, aldh3f1 mutation reduced acetate level and the total acetylation on histone H3. The H3K9Ac level on FLC locus was decreased in aldh3f1‐1, which reduced FLC expression. Expression of ALDH3F1 could rescue the decreased H3K9Ac level on FLC, FLC expression and also the early‐flowering phenotype of aldh3f1‐1, however ALDH3F1^E214A or ALDH3F1^C252A could not. Our findings demonstrate that ALDH3F1 participates in flowering time regulation through modulating the supply of acetate for acetyl‐CoA, which functions as histone acetylation donor to modulate H3K9Ac on FLC locus.

中文翻译：

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醛脱氢酶ALDH3F1通过花F的组蛋白乙酰化调节参与开花时间的调控。

开花时间调节是整个开花植物生命中最重要的过程之一，而“ LOCUS C”（FLC）是开花时间的重要抑制因子。然而，尚不清楚乙酸乙酸酯的水平是否影响开花时间。在这里，我们报道醛脱氢酶ALDH3F1在通过FLC依赖途径的花卉过渡中起重要作用。在aldh3f1-1突变体中，开花时间明显早于Col-0，并且FLC表达水平降低。ALDH3F1具有醛脱氢酶活性以影响植物中的乙酸盐水平，E214和C252的氨基酸对其催化活性至关重要。此外，aldh3f1突变降低了乙酸盐水平和组蛋白H3上的总乙酰化。在H3K9Ac水平FLC基因座中降低aldh3f1-1，从而减少FLC表达。ALDH3F1的表达可以挽救FLC的H3K9Ac水平降低，FLC表达以及aldh3f1-1的早期开花表型，但是ALDH3F1 ^E214A或ALDH3F1 ^C252A不能。我们的发现表明，ALDH3F1通过调节乙酰辅酶A的乙酸盐供应来参与开花时间调节，乙酰辅酶A作为组蛋白乙酰化供体来调节FLC基因座上的H3K9Ac 。