The recent fire events in buildings involving combustible cladding systems have raised concerns regarding the risk that these systems can pose. Understanding such facade fires is complex as they involve a combination of various products and system. Facade fire propagation tests at ISO 13785‐1 intermediate scale were performed on different combinations of aluminium composite material (ACM) claddings and insulants. Simulations were addressed to reproduce these tests and were validated in terms of thermal conditions in the system. This allowed additional investigation and understanding of fire propagation on the facade and more accurate determination of the fire behaviour of the overall system. In this paper, the scaling influence on the fire behaviour of ACM clad systems is investigated with simulations performed to reproduce fire tests at the BS8414‐1 larger scale on three different combinations of ACM and insulants. The contributions of the cladding and insulant were numerically investigated. The fire behaviour of each component and of the overall system is validated by comparison with experiments. Simulations and tests show that the ACM cladding is the most important element driving the global fire behaviour of the systems. In particular, ACM‐PE‐based cladding systems, whatever the insulant, show extensive fire propagation while its degradation affects the integrity of the cavity.

中文翻译：

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铝复合材料立面幕墙防火性能的数值模拟-大规模模型验证

最近在涉及可燃立面系统的建筑物中发生的火灾事件引起了人们对这些系统可能造​​成的危险的担忧。了解此类外墙火灾很复杂，因为它们涉及各种产品和系统的组合。在铝复合材料（ACM）包层和绝缘材料的不同组合下，进行了ISO 13785-1中等规模的外墙火灾蔓延测试。进行了仿真以重现这些测试，并根据系统中的热条件进行了验证。这样可以进一步调查和了解立面上的火灾蔓延，并可以更准确地确定整个系统的火灾行为。在本文中，通过对ACM和绝缘体的三种不同组合进行更大范围的BS8414-1防火测试的仿真研究，研究了比例缩放对ACM包覆系统着火行为的影响。数值研究了包层和绝缘层的作用。通过与实验进行比较，可以验证每个组件和整个系统的防火性能。仿真和测试表明，ACM覆层是驱动系统整体起火行为的最重要元素。尤其是，无论采用何种绝缘材料，基于ACM-PE的覆层系统都会显示出广泛的火灾蔓延，而其退化会影响型腔的完整性。通过与实验进行比较，可以验证每个组件和整个系统的防火性能。仿真和测试表明，ACM覆层是驱动系统整体起火行为的最重要元素。尤其是，无论采用何种绝缘材料，基于ACM-PE的覆层系统都会显示出广泛的火灾蔓延，而其退化会影响型腔的完整性。通过与实验进行比较，可以验证每个组件和整个系统的防火性能。仿真和测试表明，ACM覆层是驱动系统整体起火行为的最重要元素。尤其是，无论采用何种绝缘材料，基于ACM-PE的覆层系统都会显示出广泛的火灾蔓延，而其退化会影响型腔的完整性。