In recent years, because of the limited availability of oil resources and the increasing concerns regarding environment protection, much attention has been drawn to produce packaging films based on degradable biopolymers instead of synthetic polymers. On the other hand, because of the high costs of oil extraction, raw materials and film production, and disposing of the waste products of synthetic films, the need to replace these films with less pollutant and more cost‐effective films is growing globally. In this study, to answer the need for replacing synthetic polymer films, nanocomposite films based on thermoplastic starch reinforced with cellulose nanofibers and graphene oxide nanoplatelets were produced and characterized. The results implied that the synergistic effect of cellulose nanofibers and graphene oxide nanoplatelets has played an important role in improving the mechanical properties of the films. The results showed that with the addition of cellulose nanofibers and graphene oxide nanoplatelets, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of starch film were increased from 3 and 32 MPa to 13 and 436 MPa, which corresponds to 438% and 1435% improvement, respectively. In addition, the oxygen permeability resistance and the water vapor transmission for samples containing 3 wt% of graphene oxide nanoplatelets was decreased by 78% and 30% compared with the thermoplastic starch film, respectively. The permeability coefficient of the samples containing 3 wt% graphene oxide nanoplatelets for oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide have proved to be 0.051, 0.054, and 0.047 barrer, which shows that these films can perform well as packaging films.

中文翻译：

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氧化石墨烯纳米片和纤维素纳米纤维对热塑性淀粉的机械，热和阻隔性能的协同效应

近年来，由于石油资源的有限性以及对环境保护的日益关注，已经引起了人们对基于可降解生物聚合物而不是合成聚合物的包装膜的生产的广泛关注。另一方面，由于石油开采，原材料和薄膜生产以及处置合成薄膜废品的高昂成本，在全球范围内以更少的污染物和更具成本效益的薄膜替代这些薄膜的需求日益增长。在这项研究中，为满足替换合成聚合物薄膜的需求，生产并表征了基于热塑性淀粉的纳米复合薄膜，该薄膜由纤维素纳米纤维和氧化石墨烯纳米片增强。结果表明，纤维素纳米纤维和氧化石墨烯纳米片的协同作用在改善薄膜的机械性能方面起着重要作用。结果表明，通过添加纤维素纳米纤维和氧化石墨烯纳米片，淀粉膜的拉伸强度和弹性模量从3和32 MPa增加到13和436 MPa，分别提高了438％和145％。另外，与热塑性淀粉膜相比，含有3重量％的氧化石墨烯纳米片的样品的耐氧透过性和水蒸气透过率分别降低了78％和30％。包含3 wt％氧化石墨烯纳米片的样品对氧气，氮气和二氧化碳的渗透系数已证明是0.051、0.054和0。