Stereolithography (SLA) is an interesting manufacturing technology to overcome limitations of commercially available particulated biomaterials dedicated to intra‐oral bone regeneration applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility and osteoinductive properties of two calcium‐phosphate (CaP)‐based scaffolds manufactured by SLA three‐dimensional (3D) printing. Pellets and macro‐porous scaffolds were manufactured in pure hydroxyapatite (HA) and in biphasic CaP (HA:60‐TCP:40). Physico‐chemical characterization was performed using micro X‐ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical interferometry, and microtomography (μCT) analyses. Osteoblast‐like MG‐63 cells were used to evaluate the biocompatibility of the pellets in vitro with MTS assay and the cell morphology and growth characterized by SEM and DAPI‐actin staining showed similar early behavior. For in vivo biocompatibility, newly formed bone and biodegradability of the experimental scaffolds were evaluated in a subperiosteal cranial rat model using μCT and descriptive histology. The histological analysis has not indicated evidences of inflammation but highlighted close contacts between newly formed bone and the experimental biomaterials revealing an excellent scaffold osseointegration. This study emphasizes the relevance of SLA 3D printing of CaP‐based biomaterials for intra‐oral bone regeneration even if manufacturing accuracy has to be improved and further experiments using biomimetic scaffolds should be conducted.

中文翻译：

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通过立体光刻技术三维打印用于骨再生的磷酸钙支架的体外和体内生物相容性。

立体光刻 (SLA) 是一种有趣的制造技术，可以克服专用于口腔内骨再生应用的市售颗粒状生物材料的局限性。本研究的目的是评估通过 SLA 三维（3D）打印制造的两种磷酸钙（CaP）基支架的体外和体内生物相容性和骨诱导特性。颗粒和大孔支架由纯羟基磷灰石 (HA) 和双相 CaP (HA:60-TCP:40) 制成。使用显微 X 射线荧光、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、光学干涉仪和显微断层扫描 (μCT) 分析进行物理化学表征。成骨细胞样MG-63细胞用于评估颗粒的生物相容性在体外用 MTS 测定和 SEM 和 DAPI-肌动蛋白染色表征的细胞形态和生长显示出相似的早期行为。对于体内生物相容性，使用 μCT 和描述性组织学在骨膜下颅骨大鼠模型中评估新形成的骨骼和实验支架的生物降解性。组织学分析没有表明炎症的证据，但强调了新形成的骨骼与实验生物材料之间的密切接触，揭示了良好的支架骨整合。这项研究强调了基于 CaP 的生物材料的 SLA 3D 打印与口腔内骨再生的相关性，即使制造精度必须提高，并且应该使用仿生支架进行进一步的实验。