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Odours of non‐predatory species help prey moderate their risk assessment
Functional Ecology ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-13 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13509
Moshe Zaguri 1 , Dror Hawlena 1
Affiliation  

  1. Prey use contemporary information to update their risk estimation, and accordingly, optimize their anti‐predator reactions. Conceptualization of this process is largely focused on information that reflects predator activity. We aimed to complement this unilateral view by testing whether prey also use cues of non‐predatory species to update their risk perception.
  2. We focused our investigation on the desert isopod Hemilepistus reaumuri that reacts defensively to excavated soil mounds even in the absence of direct predator cues. We located in the field 19 isopod burrows and surrounded each with six soil mounds. One mound remained odourless and the other five were supplemented by odours of a major isopod predator, the golden scorpion, and four sympatric species that do not prey on isopods but excavate soil.
  3. Isopods augmented their defensive responses towards mounds supplemented by scorpion odours and lessened their anti‐predator reactions towards mounds with odours of herbivore rodents. Isopods’ responses to the odours of the two insectivorous species that do not eat isopods were similar to the reaction towards the odourless control mounds.
  4. Our results suggest that prey use non‐predatory species cues to moderate their risk estimation. Therefore, we need to consider this potentially important source of information in studies of predator–prey interactions. Our findings also indicate that odours or vocalization of non‐predatory species may not be adequate as control treatments to predator cues.


中文翻译:

非掠夺性物种的气味有助于猎物减轻其风险评估

  1. 猎物利用现代信息来更新其风险估计,并相应地优化其反捕食者反应。这个过程的概念化主要集中在反映掠食者活动的信息上。我们旨在通过测试猎物是否也使用非掠夺性物种的线索来更新其风险感知,来补充这种单方面观点。
  2. 我们将研究重点放在了沙漠等足类Hemilepistus reaumuri上,即使没有直接的捕食者线索,它也对挖出的土丘具有防御性反应。我们在田间找到了19个等足类洞穴,每个洞穴周围都覆盖着六个土丘。一只土墩保持无味,而其他五只则增添了主要的等足类捕食者,金蝎子和四种不捕食等足类动物但挖掘土壤的同胞物种的气味。
  3. 等脚类动物对带有蝎子味的土堆增加了防御反应,并减少了对草食性啮齿类动物的臭味对土堆的反掠食者反应。异足动物对两种不吃异足动物的食虫物种的气味的反应类似于对无味对照土堆的反应。
  4. 我们的结果表明,猎物使用非掠夺性物种线索来缓和其风险估计。因此,我们需要在捕食者与猎物之间的相互作用研究中考虑这一潜在的重要信息来源。我们的发现还表明,非掠夺性物种的气味或发声可能不足以作为对掠夺者线索的控制处理。
更新日期:2020-01-13
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