Abstract This paper proposes an innovative desalination technology for sustainable off-grid systems taking advantage of complementary features of tidal range and solar PhotoVoltaic (PV) energies. According to the literature survey, this proposal has not been considered before. Since fresh water production can be easily stored, the key issue in designing SeaWater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants is to minimise the capital cost required per m3 of fresh water produced throughout the plant lifetime. In addition, water cost of renewable energy - driven desalination strongly depends on decisions concerning battery capacity and nominal power installed, thus hybrid systems play and important role in this regard. The energy analysis performed quantifies the temporal complementarity of tidal and solar resources in an exemplary case study of a semiarid plant location at Broome, Australia. An estimation of the yearly energy production profile of the tidal range power plant is calculated with a zero-dimensional numerical model whereas the System Advisor Model (SAM) is used for the solar PV plant. The main result obtained is the great temporary complementarity of tidal and solar photovoltaic resources for SWRO application. For a given size of the PV generator the inclusion of the tidal range power plant implies an increase of the operating time of the desalination plant at nominal capacity between 1.8 and 2.8 times compared to the only solar PV driven case. This result depends on the SWRO nominal capacity. The recommended design for the case study consists in off-grid desalination plants, with minimum battery capacity if any, powered by a hybrid energy system with a ratio of installed desalination capacities of 55·103 m3/d per each hydraulic turbine of 10 MW. This system can be operated at full load a 42% of the year maximizing the yearly fresh water production.

中文翻译：

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由混合太阳能光伏 (PV) - 潮汐能系统驱动的创新海水反渗透 (SWRO) 脱盐的初步评估

摘要 本文提出了一种创新的海水淡化技术，用于可持续离网系统，利用潮汐范围和太阳能光伏 (PV) 能量的互补特征。根据文献调查，这个提议之前没有被考虑过。由于淡水产品可以轻松储存，因此设计海水反渗透 (SWRO) 海水淡化厂的关键问题是在整个工厂生命周期内将每立方米生产的淡水所需的资本成本降至最低。此外，可再生能源驱动的海水淡化的水成本在很大程度上取决于有关电池容量和额定安装功率的决策，因此混合动力系统在这方面发挥着重要作用。在澳大利亚布鲁姆的一个半干旱工厂位置的示例性案例研究中，进行的能量分析量化了潮汐和太阳能资源的时间互补性。潮差发电厂的年度能源生产概况的估计使用零维数值模型计算，而系统顾问模型 (SAM) 用于太阳能光伏发电厂。获得的主要结果是潮汐和太阳能光伏资源对于 SWRO 应用的巨大临时互补性。对于给定大小的光伏发电机，包括潮汐发电厂意味着与唯一的太阳能光伏驱动情况相比，海水淡化厂在标称容量下的运行时间增加了 1.8 到 2.8 倍。该结果取决于 SWRO 标称容量。案例研究的推荐设计包括离网海水淡化厂，如果有的话，电池容量最小，由混合能源系统供电，每台水轮机 10 兆瓦的安装海水淡化容量比率为 55·103 立方米/天。该系统可以在一年中的 42% 的时间内满负荷运行，从而最大限度地提高每年的淡水产量。