The present study reports an environmental benign route for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) using agro-waste empty cotton boll peels aqueous extract for the first time. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band in absorption spectrum of Pd NPs at 275 nm confirmed the formation of Pd NPs by using UV–Vis spectroscopy. Crystalline nature of Pd NPs was confirmed by powder XRD analysis. Size and morphology was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cotton peels extract acted as a source of phytochemicals which primarily reduced Pd⁺² to Pd⁰ nanoparticles (Pd NPs) and imparted stability of Pd NPs by surface capping. The characteristic functional groups of phytochemicals in extract and capped Pd NPs surfaces were identified by FT-IR analysis. Catalytic activity of the synthesised Pd NPs was checked against reduction of hazardous azo-dyes such as Congo red, Methyl orange, Sunset yellow and Tartrazine with NaBH₄ as electron donors. Pd NPs catalysed reduction of all azo-dyes by NaBH₄ in aqueous medium was monitored by UV–visible spectroscopy where Pd NPs mediated transfer of electrons from NaBH₄ to azo-dyes as carrier. The synthesized Pd NPs acted as a good catalyst and could be a promising material in degrading toxic azo-dyes from industrial effluents and wastewater.

本研究首次报道了使用农业废空棉铃果皮水提取物合成钯纳米颗粒（Pd NPs）的环境友好途径。Pd NPs在275 nm的吸收光谱中的表面等离子体共振（SPR）谱带通过UV-Vis光谱证实了Pd NPs的形成。粉末XRD分析证实了Pd NPs的晶体性质。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究了尺寸和形态。棉皮提取物可作为植物化学物质的来源，主要将Pd ⁺²还原为Pd ⁰纳米颗粒（Pd NPs）并通过表面封盖赋予了Pd NPs稳定性。通过FT-IR分析鉴定了提取物和封端的Pd NPs表面中植物化学物质的特征性官能团。检查了合成的Pd NP的催化活性，以减少危害性的偶氮染料（如刚果红，甲基橙，日落黄和酒石黄）的还原，其中NaBH ₄为电子供体。紫外可见光谱法监测了NaBH ₄在水介质中Pd NPs催化的所有偶氮染料的还原，其中Pd NPs介导了电子从NaBH ₄到作为载体的偶氮染料的转移。合成的Pd NPs可以作为良好的催化剂，可以作为降解工业废水和废水中有毒偶氮染料的有前途的材料。